<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971</id><updated>2012-01-14T18:29:31.281-01:00</updated><category term='salas virtuais'/><category term='Ensino superior'/><category term='política'/><category term='poesia'/><category term='plágio'/><category term='aforismos'/><category term='avaliação'/><category term='cartoon'/><category term='TIC&apos;s'/><category term='avaliação sumativa'/><category term='construtivismo'/><category term='e-learning'/><category term='educação'/><category term='video-conferência'/><category term='estilos de aprendizagem'/><title type='text'>Aprender e Ensinar</title><subtitle type='html'>Um espaço de reflexão pessoal e de diálogo sobre a problemática do ensino e da aprendizagem no ensino superior no contexto da Universidade dos Açores</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>161</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8662904292737211619</id><published>2011-09-12T15:33:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-09-12T15:33:17.131Z</updated><title type='text'>Student Assessment of their Learning Gains (SALG)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0unanlPalNk/Tm4l5QBbSZI/AAAAAAAAP6Q/g_DVsF2zr7g/s1600/salg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="64" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0unanlPalNk/Tm4l5QBbSZI/AAAAAAAAP6Q/g_DVsF2zr7g/s320/salg.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The Student Assessment of their Learning Gains (SALG) instrument was developed in 1997 by Elaine Seymour.&amp;nbsp;The SALG instrument focuses exclusively on the degree to which a course has enabled student learning.&lt;br /&gt;Information on the development of the SALG, and on validity and reliability evidence of the approach can be found in the following article:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;•Seymour, E., Wiese, D., Hunter, A. &amp;amp; Daffinrud, S.M. (Marzo del 2000). Creating a Better Mousetrap: On-line Student Assessment of their Learning Gains. Paper presentation at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA. &lt;a href="http://www.salgsite.org/docs/SALGPaperPresentationAtACS.pdf"&gt;Download article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8662904292737211619?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8662904292737211619/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8662904292737211619' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8662904292737211619'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8662904292737211619'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2011/09/student-assessment-of-their-learning.html' title='Student Assessment of their Learning Gains (SALG)'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0unanlPalNk/Tm4l5QBbSZI/AAAAAAAAP6Q/g_DVsF2zr7g/s72-c/salg.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5708495803060879081</id><published>2011-07-27T18:08:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-07-27T18:08:58.582Z</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avaliação'/><title type='text'>Linda Suskie</title><content type='html'>A Faculty Focus &lt;a href="https://www.facultyfocus.com/cart/choose-seminar-format/?id=574&amp;amp;post_id=6627"&gt;pede quase 300 dólares&lt;/a&gt; por um &amp;nbsp;CD com o &lt;a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/educational-assessment/the-four-questions-every-assessment-report-should-answer/"&gt;seminário de Linda Suskie sobre avaliação&lt;/a&gt;. O tema é sempre interessante (&lt;b&gt;The Four Questions Every Assessment Report Should Answer&lt;/b&gt;), mas quem no seu juízo gasta esse dinheiro num CD se pode &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Assessing-Student-Learning-Jossey-Bass-Education/dp/0470289643"&gt;comprar o livro&lt;/a&gt; por 30?&lt;br /&gt;Para quem nem isso quer gastar, é só procurar o material da autora que está disponível por aí. Deixo alguns apontadores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://faculty.ccp.edu/dept/viewpoints/f03v4n1/suskie.html"&gt;What is“Good”Assessment&lt;/a&gt;? Um resumo do livro.&lt;br /&gt;"The following approaches will help increase the accuracy and truthfulness of assessment strategies.&lt;br /&gt;Start with clear statements of the most important things you want students to learn from the course, program, or curriculum.&lt;br /&gt;Teach what you are assessing.&lt;br /&gt;Make assignments and test questions crystal clear. &lt;br /&gt;Before creating an assignment, write a rubric: a list of the key things you want students to learn by completing the assignment and to demonstrate on the completed assignment.&lt;br /&gt;Likewise, before writing test questions, create a test “blueprint”: a list of the key learning goals to be assessed by the test and the number of points or questions to be devoted to each learning goal.&lt;br /&gt;Make sure that your assignments and test questions clearly relate to your key learning goals.&lt;br /&gt;Ask colleagues and students to review drafts of your assignments, rubrics, and (using former students) test questions to make sure they’re clear and appear to assess what you want them to.&lt;br /&gt;Try out surveys and similar tools with a small group of students before using them on a larger scale.&lt;br /&gt;Collect enough evidence to get a representative sample of what your students have learned and can do.&lt;br /&gt;Score student work fairly and consistently.&lt;br /&gt;Use assessment results appropriately." &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.niu.edu/assessment/Manual/media/SuskieHandout2.pdf"&gt;Understanding and Using Assessment Results&lt;/a&gt;. Uma apresentação, da qual existem várias versões.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.elcamino.edu/administration/vpsca/docs/assessment/FairAssessmentPractices_Suskie.pdf"&gt;Fair Assessment Practices: Giving Students Equitable Opportunties to Demonstrate Learning&lt;/a&gt;. Um artigo muito interessante:&lt;br /&gt;"Seven Steps to Fair Assessment&lt;br /&gt;1. Have clearly stated learning outcomes&lt;br /&gt;2. Match your assessment to what you teach and vice versa&lt;br /&gt;3. Use many different measures and many different kinds of measures&lt;br /&gt;4. Help students learn how to do the assessment task&lt;br /&gt;5. Engage and encourage your students&lt;br /&gt;6. Interpret assessment results appropriately&lt;br /&gt;7. Evaluate the outcomes of your assessments" &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;E finalmente o &lt;a href="http://home.comcast.net/~linda.suskie/site/"&gt;site da autora&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;E pronto, muito material de estudo e reflexão pelo preço módico de 3 euros. Não aceito Paypal ainda por causa do Assange, mas podem pagar em cheque ou em dinheiro. Não passo recibos, evidentemente.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5708495803060879081?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5708495803060879081/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5708495803060879081' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5708495803060879081'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5708495803060879081'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2011/07/linda-suskie.html' title='Linda Suskie'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6416942575803352354</id><published>2010-10-26T21:58:00.000Z</published><updated>2010-10-26T21:58:05.537Z</updated><title type='text'>Views: Why Are We Assessing? - Inside Higher Ed</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2010/10/26/suskie"&gt;Views: Why Are We Assessing? - Inside Higher Ed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;The most important purpose of assessment should be not improvement or accountability but their common aim: everyone wants students to get the best possible education. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;But even if we help faculty learn about research-informed pedagogies, do they have meaningful incentives to use them? Providing students with the best possible education often means changing what we do, and that means time and work. Much of the higher education community has no real incentive to change how we help students learn. And if there's little incentive to change or be innovative, there’s little reason to assess how well we're keeping our promises.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our second common purpose of assessment should be making sure not only that students learn what’s important, but that their learning is of appropriate scope, depth, and rigor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our third common purpose of assessment is something we don't want to talk about, but it’s a reality that isn’t going away: it's how we spend our money. Actually, it's not our money. Every college and university is simply a steward of other people's money: tuition from our students and their families, funds from taxpayers, gifts from donors, grants from foundations. As stewards, we have an obligation to use our resources prudently, in ways that we are reasonably sure will be both successful and reasonably cost-effective. Here again, assessment is simply a vital tool to help us do this.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now is the time to bring these three common purposes of assessment to the forefront. In order to tackle them, we need to work as a community, with greater and broader dialogue and collaboration than we see now. Now is the time to move our focus from the road we are traveling to our destination: a point at which we all are prudent, informed stewards of our resources… a point at which we each have clear, appropriate, justifiable, and externally-informed standards for student learning. Most importantly, now is the time to move our focus from assessment to learning, and to keeping our promises. Only then can we make higher education as great as it needs to be.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6416942575803352354?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2010/10/26/suskie' title='Views: Why Are We Assessing? - Inside Higher Ed'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6416942575803352354/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6416942575803352354' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6416942575803352354'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6416942575803352354'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/10/views-why-are-we-assessing-inside.html' title='Views: Why Are We Assessing? - Inside Higher Ed'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-225820592241078128</id><published>2010-10-25T14:08:00.000Z</published><updated>2010-10-25T14:08:47.063Z</updated><title type='text'>Lecture Capture: A New Way to Think about Hybrid Courses</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/instructional-design/lecture-capture-a-new-way-to-think-about-hybrid-courses/"&gt;Lecture Capture: A New Way to Think about Hybrid Courses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Estou a trabalhar nesta direcção já há algum tempo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-225820592241078128?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/instructional-design/lecture-capture-a-new-way-to-think-about-hybrid-courses/' title='Lecture Capture: A New Way to Think about Hybrid Courses'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/225820592241078128/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=225820592241078128' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/225820592241078128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/225820592241078128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/10/lecture-capture-new-way-to-think-about.html' title='Lecture Capture: A New Way to Think about Hybrid Courses'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5039520418909213050</id><published>2010-05-07T01:23:00.002Z</published><updated>2010-05-07T01:36:01.293Z</updated><title type='text'>Avaliação de desempenho</title><content type='html'>Já se sabia que ia chegar, e aqui está ela: os professores universitários vão ser avaliados. Descontemos por um momento que as provas de APCC, as de doutoramento, e as da nomeação definitiva por que passei também foram momentos de avaliação. Esqueçamos o ter trabalhado 15 anos até atingir uma posição de (sei-o agora!) relativa estabilidade. Nunca tive medo de avaliações, e não é agora que vou passar a ter. Gosto delas justas, mas já passei por muitas que não o foram. Tenho até o palpite que estas também não vão ser, até porque estão a ser organizadas por professores universitários. Sim, os mesmos que fizeram a transição para Bolonha, lembram-se? Pois.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vou ir deixando por aqui umas notas sobre o assunto, que é para isto que este blogue serve.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Li com atenção e respeito os dois artigos publicados por &lt;a href="http://www.direito.up.pt/IJI/user/6"&gt;Paulo Ferreira da Cunha&lt;/a&gt; no último número da revista do SNESup, um dos quais está também publicado no site: &lt;a href="http://www.snesup.pt/htmls/EkyVAlkkkZblmIZzEP.shtml"&gt;Pensada Lei, Pensada Malícia - A propósito das avaliações universitárias em preparação&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Avaliar é muito importante, porque seria uma forma de introduzir mais justiça na Universidade. Mas só se for mesmo para introduzir justiça. E, como dizia Santo Agostinho, só é possível haver justiça com pessoas justas. Tememos que a nossa sociedade e a nossa Universidade, cada vez mais egoístas e competitivas, cada vez mais amorais, não tenham ainda aprendido o necessário distanciamento e imparcialidade.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;O outro artigo é mais concreto, mas igualmente &lt;i&gt;au point&lt;/i&gt;. Vou ver se o encontro por aí.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5039520418909213050?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5039520418909213050/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5039520418909213050' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5039520418909213050'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5039520418909213050'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/05/avaliacao-de-desempenho.html' title='Avaliação de desempenho'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-382392192362723777</id><published>2010-04-17T23:38:00.003Z</published><updated>2010-04-18T22:24:30.508Z</updated><title type='text'>O pronto-a-vestir universitário</title><content type='html'>&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;As developing countries build their higher education sectors, many see the "US-style university" as the desired model. This typically means an institution that combines teaching at most or all postsecondary levels with a broad, internationally recognised research programme, all in a campus-like setting. Faculty are expected both to teach and to carry out research in areas that are globally recognised as important. But is this really an appropriate model?&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;Many countries considering this model do not have the base of the pyramid in place. Without it, the elite university cannot effectively play the role that its proponents assume. And last but not least, this is the most expensive model of higher education ever invented. Combining research and teaching may have benefits, but it also has high costs. Research faculty command relatively high salaries compared with teaching faculty, and they teach relatively few students. Research facilities are expensive to build and maintain. Even the US is finding that it can no longer afford this model.&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;developing countries should concentrate on building institutions of quality that respond to the issues, challenges and opportunities of their own situations. They should investigate radically different approaches that lower the cost of higher education while achieving appropriate educational goals.&lt;br /&gt;This independent path is the best way to serve their citizens and their futures. In time, the best of these institutions will come to define "world class" in 21st-century terms, just as happened in the US in the 20th century.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/sevvaSJIM9M&amp;amp;hl=pt_PT&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/sevvaSJIM9M&amp;amp;hl=pt_PT&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Sérgio Godinho, "Não te deixes assim vestir"&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;(a partir do minuto 6)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-382392192362723777?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&amp;storycode=411196&amp;c=1' title='O pronto-a-vestir universitário'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/382392192362723777/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=382392192362723777' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/382392192362723777'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/382392192362723777'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/04/o-pronto-vestir-universitario.html' title='O pronto-a-vestir universitário'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7640402763755753926</id><published>2010-04-15T09:25:00.002Z</published><updated>2010-04-15T09:32:17.506Z</updated><title type='text'>Uma (boa) pergunta</title><content type='html'>&lt;blockquote&gt;"&lt;i&gt;I have a question and it goes like this. Just suppose &lt;b&gt;we are in a period  in which the future of human life on the planet is seriously threatened&lt;/b&gt;  – by climate change and all the negative economic, social and cultural  processes that attend it – then &lt;b&gt;are the world’s universities really  doing all they could to mitigate and even head off the risks?&lt;/b&gt; So far as  I’m concerned, it’s a rhetorical question. The answer is – not really.  Good, maybe, but not good enough.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://globalhighered.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/a-question/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Ler o resto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/vco/vc/"&gt;Nigel Thrift&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7640402763755753926?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://globalhighered.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/a-question/' title='Uma (boa) pergunta'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7640402763755753926/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7640402763755753926' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7640402763755753926'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7640402763755753926'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/04/uma-boa-pergunta.html' title='Uma (boa) pergunta'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8245915895377017284</id><published>2010-03-17T22:51:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2010-03-17T23:03:50.129-01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='poesia'/><title type='text'>Um vídeo inspirador de um poeta/professor inspirador</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="385" width="480"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/neslRBRo_wc&amp;amp;hl=pt_PT&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/neslRBRo_wc&amp;amp;hl=pt_PT&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="480"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veja &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/taylormali"&gt;outros vídeos de Taylor Mali&lt;/a&gt;. AVISO: prepare-se para ficar agarrado ao écran.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8245915895377017284?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8245915895377017284/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8245915895377017284' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8245915895377017284'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8245915895377017284'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/03/um-video-inspirador-de-um.html' title='Um vídeo inspirador de um poeta/professor inspirador'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-9121393845143123955</id><published>2010-03-03T00:06:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2010-03-03T00:18:55.430-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Theory and Practice of Online Learning</title><content type='html'>"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Distance educators, students, administrators, and parents are daily forced to make choices regarding the pedagogical, economic, systemic, and political characteristics of the distance education systems within which they participate. To provide information, knowledge, and, we hope, a measure of wisdom, the authors of this text have shared their expertise, their vision, their concerns, and their solutions to distance education practice in these disruptive times. Each chapter is written as a jumping-off point for further reflection, for discussion, and, most importantly, for action. Never in the history of life on our planet has the need for informed and wisdom-filled action been greater than it is today. We are convinced that education—in its many forms—is the most hopeful antidote to the errors of greed, of ignorance, and of life-threatening aggression that menace our civilization and our planet.&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;This book is written by authors from a single university—&lt;a href="http://www.athabascau.ca/"&gt;Athabasca University&lt;/a&gt;—which has branded itself “Canada’s Open University.” As an open university, we are pleased to be the first such institution to provide a text such as this one as an open and free gift to others.&lt;/span&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-9121393845143123955?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.131.9849&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf' title='Theory and Practice of Online Learning'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/9121393845143123955/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=9121393845143123955' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/9121393845143123955'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/9121393845143123955'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/03/theory-and-practice-of-online-learning.html' title='Theory and Practice of Online Learning'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6151012681837716953</id><published>2010-02-03T21:24:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2010-02-03T21:41:48.049-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Uma outra visão do processo de Bolonha</title><content type='html'>"While it is easy to claim that certain reforms are technically in place and to provide supporting evidence for this, listening to the student voice can reveal that these reforms are only in place at a rather superficial level, and that the situation on the ground is far less glossy than the paper on which such statements are made."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um relatório arrasador, que vale a pena ler para confirmar que afinal não é apenas impressão nossa:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.esib.org/documents/publications/official_publications/BWSE2009-final.pdf"&gt;Bologna with student eyes&lt;/a&gt;. European Students' Union, 2009.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6151012681837716953?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.esib.org/documents/publications/official_publications/BWSE2009-final.pdf' title='Uma outra visão do processo de Bolonha'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6151012681837716953/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6151012681837716953' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6151012681837716953'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6151012681837716953'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/02/uma-outra-visao-do-processo-de-bolonha.html' title='Uma outra visão do processo de Bolonha'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-908774110191363290</id><published>2010-01-31T21:14:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2010-01-31T21:48:43.333-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Que inteligências predominam?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/S2YIuN8igdI/AAAAAAAAINw/1OmSeDW-Lis/s1600-h/inteligences.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 195px; height: 200px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/S2YIuN8igdI/AAAAAAAAINw/1OmSeDW-Lis/s200/inteligences.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5433039590579667410" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#0000EE;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Através de um artigo com o sugestivo título "The Secret to Helping Your Child Excel in School and in Life" e que aborda a questão das inteligências múltiplas de Howard Gardner descobri um recurso disponibilizado pela &lt;a href="http://www.bgfl.org/"&gt;Birmingham Grid for Learning&lt;/a&gt; que permite testar o desenvolvimento relativo de cada um dos nossos tipos de inteligência:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Kinaesthetic - Body Smart &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Linguistic - Word Smart&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Logical - Number Smart &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Interpersonal - People Smart&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Intrapersonal - Myself Smart &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Musical - Music Smart&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Visual/Spatial - Picture Smart &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Naturalistic - Nature Smart&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/ict/multiple_int/index.htm"&gt;Faça o teste&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-908774110191363290?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/908774110191363290/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=908774110191363290' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/908774110191363290'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/908774110191363290'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/01/que-inteligencias-predominam.html' title='Que inteligências predominam?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/S2YIuN8igdI/AAAAAAAAINw/1OmSeDW-Lis/s72-c/inteligences.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2605460720460221962</id><published>2010-01-30T00:55:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2010-01-30T01:36:12.602-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Universidades: O desafio da concorrência internacional</title><content type='html'>Um artigo que faz pensar...&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://docentes.fe.unl.pt/~psc/"&gt;Pedro Santa Clara&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Professor Catedrático, Millennium bcp chair in Finance, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"O Tratado de Bolonha tem três aspectos cruciais: standardiza os graus de ensino superior, permite que alunos nacionais e estrangeiros concorram às universidades em pé de igualdade, e obriga ao reconhecimento mútuo dos graus concedidos. A consequência inevitável é o aumento da concorrência entre universidades internacionais pelos melhores alunos e professores. Dentro de 10 anos, os melhores alunos portugueses poderão estudar na Universidade de Lisboa ou na Humboldt Universitat em Berlim - e não haverá barreiras linguísticas que o impeçam porque as universidades de topo vão todas ensinar em Inglês. A Europa vai aproximar-se dos EUA, e vai haver países como o estado do Nebraska sem qualquer universidade que se distinga e outros como o estado do Massachussets com várias, incluindo Harvard e o MIT.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nos anos 80, os melhores gestores portugueses tiravam o MBA no nosso país. Desde o fim dessa década, passaram a ir para o INSEAD e outras business schools internacionais. Mas se a concorrência já é internacional nos MBAs há muitos anos, vai agora generalizar-se a todas as áreas e graus de ensino. A luta vai travar-se primeiro nos mestrados, em que os alunos se movimentam com mais facilidade e há maior disponibilidade para pagar propinas. Mais tarde a disputa vai alargar-se mesmo às licenciaturas. Haverá universidades Portuguesas capazes de concorrer com as melhores da Europa? Ou vamos perder os nossos melhores alunos sem receber em troca alunos equivalentes de outros paises? Este é o desafio do século para a academia Portuguesa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A concorrência internacional vai ter implicações também no recrutamento de professores. As diferenças de qualidade entre universidades vão aumentar. Vamos ter na Europa um ranking claro de instituições, desde as correspondentes a Chicago e Stanford nos EUA até a pequenas universidades de âmbito local. Isto vai levar a uma feroz concorrência pelos melhores professores e investigadores. As universidades de topo vão pagar para atrair o melhor talento de toda a Europa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vimos um fenómeno semelhante no mundo do futebol com a criação da Champions League, que diferenciou brutalmente os clubes entre uma elite Europeia e um grupo focado nos campeonatos nacionais. E vimos tambem as consequências que teve na disputa pelos melhores jogadores e treinadores...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Da mesma forma que temos clubes competitivos na Champions, Portugal tem possibilidade de desenvolver uma ou duas universidades que se batam pelos lugares de topo no ranking Europeu. Temos um trunfo importante que é ter cidades como Lisboa que são simpáticas, com clima ameno, vida animada, e boas ligações internacionais. Mas, para concorrer com as melhores da Europa, vamos precisar de recursos substanciais para melhorar instalações e para contratar e reter os melhores professores. Há muito a fazer...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Primeiro, temos que largar o modelo Soviético de planeamento central das universidades. Há 30 anos que deixámos de tabelar o preço da bica mas continuamos a fixar o salário dos professores. Se continuarmos assim, as universidades de topo Europeias vão atrair os melhores professores nacionais como aconteceu no mundo de futebol com os clubes do top Europeu a recrutar os nossos melhores jogadores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Além disso, temos um ministério que decide centralmente quantas vagas cada universidade tem, que alunos deve admitir, quantos professores pode recrutar, quais os critérios para o fazer, etc. Pensem o que seria um sistema semelhante para o Benfica ou o Porto, com o governo a tabelar salários e a determinar regras para a contratação de jogadores... Temos que dar verdadeira autonomia às universidades e deixá-las decidir como melhor aplicar os seus recursos para concorrer internacionalmente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se queremos subsidiar o ensino superior, devemos financiar as universidades por aluno que as escolha. Vai haver universidades melhores que atraem mais alunos, crescem e ficam mais fortes para suster a concorrência internacional. E vai haver universidades mais fracas que não atraem ninguém e que devem desaparecer. A política actual de dividir os recursos de forma solidária entre as universidades para sustentar as piores vai levar-nos à ruína. Não é obviamente possível ter uma universidade internacionalmente competitiva em cada capital de distrito. Se teimarmos em distribuir os nossos parcos recursos por um grande número de instituições de má qualidade, vamos perder definitivamente a oportunidade de ter um pequeno número de boas escolas internacionais. Mais uma vez, imaginemos o que seria o governo nao permitir ao Benfica ou Porto ter mais espectadores ou jogadores para tentar salvar o Boavista ou o Vitória de Setúbal. Não só estes últimos clubes continuariam mesmo assim em dificuldades mas os primeiros rapidamente deixariam de ser competitivos na Europa. Precisamos de um sistema que promova o mérito, em que as melhores universidades possam obter mais recursos e em que as piores possam desaparecer. E temos que perceber que, para um país da dimensão de Portugal, um pequeno número são duas ou três universidades, tal como só temos dois ou três clubes de futebol competitivos na Europa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Temos uma janela de oportunidade de alguns anos porque grande parte da Europa tem um sistema universitário com tantos problemas como o nosso. Mas a Europa já está a mudar. Pequenos países como a Holanda e a Espanha estão a criar universidades muito competitivas internacionalmente. Quando os gigantes como a França e a Alemanha acordarem, será tarde demais para as universidades Portuguesas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O campeonato mudou e temos que adaptar as nossas universidades para responder ao desafio."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href="http://jornal.publico.clix.pt/noticia/27-01-2010/universidades-o-desafio-da-concorrencia-internacional-18672529.htm"&gt;Público&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2605460720460221962?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://jornal.publico.clix.pt/noticia/27-01-2010/universidades-o-desafio-da-concorrencia-internacional-18672529.htm' title='Universidades: O desafio da concorrência internacional'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2605460720460221962/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2605460720460221962' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2605460720460221962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2605460720460221962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/01/universidades-o-desafio-da-concorrencia.html' title='Universidades: O desafio da concorrência internacional'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1226602918161905518</id><published>2010-01-21T14:16:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2010-01-21T14:50:44.527-01:00</updated><title type='text'>You can lecture, but can you teach?</title><content type='html'>Interessante saber que em várias IES do Reino Unido os novos professores têm que fazer um curso para melhorar as suas competências para o cargo.&lt;br /&gt;Este artigo do THE põe os dedos em todas as feridas: os métodos pedagógicos no ensino superior (leia-se, o método expositivo) são, no geral, os mesmos de há séculos; as competências pedagógicas dos professores são assumidas, não certificadas; dominar um assunto não é garantia de o saber ensinar. O autor demole depois os argumentos contra a formação pedagógica e apresenta não apenas uma estrutura de um curso de formação para professores do ES, mas um método para o organizar que é ele próprio uma lição de pedagogia.&lt;br /&gt;Gostei particularmente da observação final de que nas IES se confere mais importância à investigação, sendo o ensino visto, se não como um refúgio de quem não sabe fazer mais nada, pelo menos como uma actividade menor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;In any case, certain unusual people aside, exceptional researching and exceptional teaching probably require different talents. As to which is the more important, recall that right-wing death squads in Central America targeted village teachers, not university professors. Both research and teaching are obviously important; but that is ultimately a matter of values. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1226602918161905518?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=410056' title='You can lecture, but can you teach?'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1226602918161905518/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1226602918161905518' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1226602918161905518'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1226602918161905518'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2010/01/you-can-lecture-but-can-you-teach.html' title='You can lecture, but can you teach?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3615362704205944522</id><published>2009-12-28T15:21:00.009-01:00</published><updated>2009-12-28T15:45:42.098-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Aprendizagem ao longo da vida</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/publ/pdf/ll-learning/keycomp_pt.pdf"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 141px; height: 200px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SzjgSMLbIQI/AAAAAAAAHYo/Fz2MSi231nU/s200/competencias.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5420328754651799810" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Competências-chave para a Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida – &lt;a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/publ/pdf/ll-learning/keycomp_pt.pdf"&gt;Quadro de Referência Europeu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O Quadro de Referência estabelece oito competências essenciais para viver e trabalhar numa sociedade moderna orientada para a inovação:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Comunicação na língua materna;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;é a capacidade de expressar e interpretar conceitos, pensamentos, sentimentos, factos e opiniões, tanto oralmente como por escrito (escutar, falar, ler e escrever), e de interagir linguisticamente de forma apropriada e criativa em todas as situações da vida social e cultural: na educação e formação, no trabalho, em casa e nos tempos livres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Comunicação em línguas estrangeiras;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;as competências de base são globalmente as mesmas que para a comunicação na língua materna (...) A comunicação em línguas estrangeiras requer também aptidões como a mediação e a compreensão intercultural.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Competência matemática e competências básicas em ciências e tecnologia;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;é a capacidade de desenvolver e aplicar um raciocínio matemático para resolver problemas diversos da vida quotidiana. Partindo de um domínio sólido da numeracia, o acento recai nos processos e na actividade, assim como no conhecimento. A competência matemática envolve, em graus diferentes, a capacidade e a vontade de empregar os modos matemáticos de pensamento (raciocínio lógico e espacial) e de representação (fórmulas, modelos, construções, gráficos, diagramas).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Competência digital;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;envolve a utilização segura e crítica das tecnologias da sociedade da informação (TSI) no trabalho, nos tempos livres e na comunicação. É sustentada pelas competências em TIC: o uso do computador para obter, avaliar, armazenar, produzir, apresentar e trocar informações e para comunicar e participar em redes de cooperação via Internet&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Aprender a aprender;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aprender a aprender é a capacidade de iniciar e prosseguir uma aprendizagem, de organizar a sua própria aprendizagem, inclusive através de uma gestão eficaz do tempo e da informação, tanto individualmente como em grupo. Esta competência implica também que o indivíduo tenha consciência do seu próprio método de aprendizagem e das suas próprias necessidades, identificando as oportunidades disponíveis, e que tenha a capacidade de ultrapassar os obstáculos para uma aprendizagem bem sucedida. Esta competência significa adquirir, processar e assimilar novos conhecimentos e aptidões e saber procurar e fazer uso de aconselhamento. (...) A motivação e a confiança são elementos fundamentais para a aquisição desta competência.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Competências sociais e cívicas;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;incluem as competências pessoais, interpessoais e interculturais, e abrangem todas as formas de comportamento que permitem ao indivíduo participar de forma eficaz e construtiva na vida social e laboral, em particular em sociedades cada vez mais heterogéneas, e resolver confl itos quando necessário. As competências cívicas permitem ao indivíduo participar plenamente na vida cívica, com base no conhecimento dos conceitos e das estruturas sociais e políticas e numa participação cívica activa e democrática.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Espírito de iniciativa e espírito empresarial;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;capacidade de os indivíduos passarem das ideias aos actos. Compreendem a criatividade, a inovação e a assunção de riscos, bem como, a capacidade de planear e gerir projectos para alcançar objectivos. Esta competência é útil aos indivíduos, não só na vida de todos os dias, em casa e na sociedade, mas também no local de trabalho, porque os torna conscientes do contexto do seu trabalho e capazes de aproveitar as oportunidades, e serve de base à aquisição de outras aptidões e conhecimentos mais específicos de que necessitam os que estabelecem uma actividade social ou comercial ou para ela contribuem. Tal deveria incluir a sensibilização para os valores éticos e o fomento da boa governação&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sensibilidade e expressão culturais.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apreciação da importância da expressão criativa de ideias, das experiências e das emoções num vasto leque de suportes de comunicação, incluindo a música, as artes do espectáculo, a literatura e as artes visuais.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3615362704205944522?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/publ/pdf/ll-learning/keycomp_pt.pdf' title='Aprendizagem ao longo da vida'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3615362704205944522/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3615362704205944522' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3615362704205944522'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3615362704205944522'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/12/aprendizagem-ao-longo-da-vida.html' title='Aprendizagem ao longo da vida'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SzjgSMLbIQI/AAAAAAAAHYo/Fz2MSi231nU/s72-c/competencias.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-100032413958131397</id><published>2009-09-10T17:23:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-09-10T17:44:52.209Z</updated><title type='text'>Teaching: Superficiality breeds contempt</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.shef.ac.uk/content/1/c6/08/09/81/TimBirkhead.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 100px; height: 129px;" src="http://www.shef.ac.uk/content/1/c6/08/09/81/TimBirkhead.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.shef.ac.uk/aps/staff/acadstaff/birkhead.html"&gt;Tim Birkhead&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/"&gt;Times Higher Education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Undergraduate teaching is in crisis for one simple reason: we reward superficiality. We give away first-class and upper-second-class degrees like confetti, rewarding undergraduates whose knowledge is so limited that only a few years ago they would have done no better than a lower second. For those who have been lecturers for long enough to have witnessed this devaluation of education, it is a disturbing trend.&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;Yet synthesis is something we don't reward. The research assessment exercise has not rewarded researchers for writing books or reviews, nor does the current system encourage us to teach undergraduates to be synthesisers. Synthesis requires a broad view and, of course, part of that broad view requires basic building blocks, but if we exclude synthesis from the way we educate undergraduates, they aren't going to do it or value it. In fact, in general, we do exactly the opposite: we reward superficial, short-term recall.&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;There are several reasons why undergraduate education seems superficial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;First, superficiality is what happens at school - and is rewarded. Teaching to the curriculum in school has a powerful effect on what happens at university. At school, and increasingly at university, the emphasis is primarily on facts and communication ability - the ability to recall information - and, to a lesser extent, on how to write and speak. There is hardly any weight at all given to how to think.(...)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Second, there are too few rewards for teaching in universities.(...) Research and teaching have always been in conflict. Most people go into an academic career because they enjoy research: few do it because they enjoy teaching more than research. As a result, most academics tend to begrudge the time they have to "give up" to teaching. This is made worse by the fact that most rewards - job satisfaction and promotion - come through research success, that is, success in securing funds (and those essential overheads for the institution) from an ever-diminishing pot.(...)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Third, the internet fosters superficiality.(...) Of course, it is not the internet per se that's the problem; it is that we have failed to train undergraduates to use it in a scholarly way.(...)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Changing the way we educate under-graduates within these constraints requires a few bold steps. Here are some suggestions.&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The first may sound a bit Orwellian - in the first year we need a strong re-education programme. We need to (gently) shake undergraduates out of their school-curriculum complacency and introduce a new set of rules.(...)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Second, we should give fewer lectures and provide more interaction in the form of projects and tutorials. Learning to think in a critical and scholarly way requires dialogue between teacher and student. We should abandon or greatly reduce coursework, or not assess it, so that it doesn't count towards a degree, and we should introduce many more synoptic and general papers.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Third, we need fewer forms of assessment. A high diversity of assessment is deemed to be fairer, providing opportunities for students with different abilities to excel. But too many assessments simply make it harder to discriminate. Worse, many of our assessments are meaningless - especially coursework, where we have no control over who has actually done it or how long it has taken.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fourth, we need a better system of rewards for academics who are good researchers and effective teachers. And the best reward would be research opportunities from the institution itself - such as studentships or postdoctoral posts or simply some no-strings research funding. Rewards of this kind would be a tremendous incentive.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=408043"&gt;continuar a ler&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-100032413958131397?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=408043' title='Teaching: Superficiality breeds contempt'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/100032413958131397/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=100032413958131397' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/100032413958131397'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/100032413958131397'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/09/teaching-superficiality-breeds-contempt.html' title='Teaching: Superficiality breeds contempt'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2250664776769516597</id><published>2009-09-08T17:28:00.006Z</published><updated>2009-09-08T18:37:30.771Z</updated><title type='text'>End the University as We Know It</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SqaUiz_oPnI/AAAAAAAAFeA/2E8UOn_e0fk/s1600-h/27opedspan.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 177px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SqaUiz_oPnI/AAAAAAAAFeA/2E8UOn_e0fk/s400/27opedspan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5379150130734186098" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"GRADUATE education is the Detroit of higher learning. Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market (candidates for teaching positions that do not exist) and develop skills for which there is diminishing demand (research in subfields within subfields and publication in journals read by no one other than a few like-minded colleagues), all at a rapidly rising cost (sometimes well over $100,000 in student loans).&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;The dirty secret of higher education is that without underpaid graduate students to help in laboratories and with teaching, universities couldn’t conduct research or even instruct their growing undergraduate populations. That’s one of the main reasons we still encourage people to enroll in doctoral programs. It is simply cheaper to provide graduate students with modest stipends and adjuncts with as little as $5,000 a course — with no benefits — than it is to hire full-time professors.&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;If American higher education is to thrive in the 21st century, colleges and universities, like Wall Street and Detroit, must be rigorously regulated and completely restructured. The long process to make higher learning more agile, adaptive and imaginative can begin with six major steps:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Restructure the curriculum, beginning with graduate programs and proceeding as quickly as possible to undergraduate programs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Abolish permanent departments, even for undergraduate education, and create problem-focused programs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Increase collaboration among institutions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Transform the traditional dissertation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Expand the range of professional options for graduate students.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Impose mandatory retirement and abolish tenure.&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;For many years, I have told students, “&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Do not do what I do; rather, take whatever I have to offer and do with it what I could never imagine doing and then come back and tell me about it.&lt;/span&gt;” My hope is that colleges and universities will be shaken out of their complacency and will open academia to a future we cannot conceive."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By MARK C. TAYLOR&lt;br /&gt;Published: April 26, 2009&lt;br /&gt;The New York Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vale a pena ler o &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/opinion/27taylor.html?_r=1&amp;amp;pagewanted=all"&gt;artigo inteiro&lt;/a&gt;, e os &lt;a href="http://community.nytimes.com/comments/www.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/opinion/27taylor.html"&gt;comentários&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2250664776769516597?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/opinion/27taylor.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=all' title='End the University as We Know It'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2250664776769516597/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2250664776769516597' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2250664776769516597'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2250664776769516597'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/09/end-university-as-we-know-it.html' title='End the University as We Know It'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SqaUiz_oPnI/AAAAAAAAFeA/2E8UOn_e0fk/s72-c/27opedspan.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6594600723337506501</id><published>2009-06-30T14:31:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-06-30T14:31:47.401Z</updated><title type='text'>Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 156px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SkohbqSGcII/AAAAAAAAEvY/zPymf7112PI/s200/meta-analysis.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5353127866173649026" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A systematic search of the research literature from 1996 through July 2008 identified more than a thousand empirical studies of online learning. Analysts screened these studies to find those that (a) contrasted an online to a face-to-face condition, (b) measured student learning outcomes, (c) used a rigorous research design, and (d) provided adequate information to calculate an effect size. As a result of this screening, 51 independent effects were identified that could be subjected to meta-analysis. T&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;he meta-analysis found that, on average, students in online learning conditions performed better than those receiving face-to-face instruction&lt;/span&gt;. The difference between student outcomes for online and face-to-face classes—measured as the difference between treatment and control means, divided by the pooled standard deviation—was larger in those studies contrasting conditions that blended elements of online and face-to-face instruction with conditions taught entirely face-to-face. Analysts noted that these blended conditions often included additional learning time and instructional elements not received by students in control conditions. This finding suggests that the positive effects associated with blended learning should not be attributed to the media, per se. An unexpected finding was the small number of rigorous published studies contrasting online and face-to-face learning conditions for K–12 students. In light of this small corpus, caution is required in generalizing to the K–12 population because the results are derived for the most part from studies in other settings (e.g., medical training, higher education).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development, &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies&lt;/span&gt;, Washington, D.C., 2009.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6594600723337506501?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf' title='Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6594600723337506501/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6594600723337506501' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6594600723337506501'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6594600723337506501'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/06/evaluation-of-evidence-based-practices.html' title='Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SkohbqSGcII/AAAAAAAAEvY/zPymf7112PI/s72-c/meta-analysis.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6781861186554935888</id><published>2009-05-07T17:30:00.000Z</published><updated>2009-05-07T17:31:16.099Z</updated><title type='text'>Artes e ciências: acabar o divórcio</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="446" height="326"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"&gt;&lt;/param&gt; &lt;param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/embed/MaeJemison_2002-embed_high.flv&amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/MaeJemison-2002.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;vw=432&amp;vh=240&amp;ap=0&amp;ti=533" /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgColor="#ffffff" width="446" height="326" allowFullScreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/embed/MaeJemison_2002-embed_high.flv&amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/MaeJemison-2002.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;vw=432&amp;vh=240&amp;ap=0&amp;ti=533"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6781861186554935888?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6781861186554935888/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6781861186554935888' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6781861186554935888'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6781861186554935888'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/05/artes-e-ciencias-acabar-o-divorcio.html' title='Artes e ciências: acabar o divórcio'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7602039333923133729</id><published>2009-05-04T22:41:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-05-04T22:53:50.444Z</updated><title type='text'>Exames por video-conferência: o caso da Dinamarca</title><content type='html'>&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Examination in Denmark is regulated by Ministerial Order. Up to 2001 video examination was not allowed. (...) A change of the Ministerial Order in 2004 allowed institutions to arrange exams as videoconferences on or off campus within Denmark. The students should be watched during the exam by a person appointed or accepted by the institution and no further preconditions were given. In 2006 it was added that the institution should assure that the security arrangements was the same as if the exam was ordinary - on campus. Besides that it was possible to get exemption from the order (BEK nr 867; BEK nr 231).&lt;br /&gt;As a consequence Aalborg University applied on behalf of the master program in Problem Based Learning in Engineering and Science for exemption so that it was possible to arrange video examinations.&lt;br /&gt;(...) exams have been mediated with the help of Skype and have for all the students, examiners and external examiners been a challenge and opportunity and has brought new knowledge and experience.&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;The more experience the respondents have with video exams, the more satisfied they are with the exams and the more positive in their evaluation. Almost all of them think that video exams give the facilitator the possibility to test the outcomes and the external examiner the possibility to watch that the demands are in accordance with the outcomes defined and see to that the exams are completed in accordance with the rules. While all experienced responders found that dialogue between the examinee and the facilitator was possible to a high degree or a satisfaction degree there were responders which found that it was only to some degree.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Qvist, 2008. &lt;a href="http://tnb.aau.dk/%7Epal/videosurvey/artikel_samlet_ver5.pdf"&gt;Online video examination. Video exams from the student’s point of view. Results from a questionnaire.&lt;/a&gt; Paper presented at Diverse Conference 2008 Haarlem, INHOLLAND University, The Netherlands, July 1 - July 3 2008&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7602039333923133729?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7602039333923133729/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7602039333923133729' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7602039333923133729'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7602039333923133729'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/05/exames-por-video-conferencia-o-caso-da.html' title='Exames por video-conferência: o caso da Dinamarca'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1016202115419270543</id><published>2009-04-27T22:13:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-04-27T22:33:00.048Z</updated><title type='text'>The book everyone wishes they'd written</title><content type='html'>O THE começa hoje a publicar uma série semanal em que pedem a autoridades em diferentes áreas que escolham e apresentem aquele que consideram ser o livro mais importante do seu campo de estudo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dos primeiros resultados, &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=406223"&gt;publicados esta semana&lt;/a&gt;, conheço dois e já li um. Podia ser pior...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1016202115419270543?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1016202115419270543/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1016202115419270543' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1016202115419270543'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1016202115419270543'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/04/book-everyone-wishes-theyd-written.html' title='The book everyone wishes they&apos;d written'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8965904231493984838</id><published>2009-04-19T23:46:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-04-19T23:57:32.142Z</updated><title type='text'>Ensino por video-conferência</title><content type='html'>Uma nota breve:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Now that videoconferencing is being widely used for the delivery of mass lectures between sites, there is concern that the quality of teaching and learning experienced, using this method of delivery, is not as good as that experienced in a traditional classroom situation. The study aimed to investigate this concern by using a research diary to collect information on classroom&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;activities and cognitive outcomes which students at local and remote sites experienced over a ten-week period. &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;The results indicated that remote site students did not experience the same quality of teaching and learning as local site students&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Knipe &amp;amp; Lee (2002), &lt;a href="http://www.2learn.ca/vcrln/r2t/knipeLee2002.pdf"&gt;The quality of teaching and learning via videoconferencing&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;British Journal of Educational Technology&lt;/span&gt; Vol 33 (3): 301–311.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8965904231493984838?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8965904231493984838/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8965904231493984838' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8965904231493984838'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8965904231493984838'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/04/ensino-por-video-conferencia.html' title='Ensino por video-conferência'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7579299921734180532</id><published>2009-04-18T00:17:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-04-19T23:58:08.128Z</updated><title type='text'>Para que serve a universidade?</title><content type='html'>Das cruciais reflexões de Ivan Leban, "&lt;a href="http://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;ct=res&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fkkt.uni-lj.si%2Fattachments%2F2901%2Fleban-article.pdf&amp;amp;ei=WRzpSZbhPJO7jAellumeCg&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHgWpCmwGjIv9jX6zIhxa7y467VuQ&amp;amp;sig2=d2F142mtuERW71QS1oTSCA"&gt;Today's academic values&lt;/a&gt;", passei pelo artigo de Ulrich Littmann, "&lt;a href="http://www.eaie.org/pdf/F62art2.pdf"&gt;Bologna: fake or promise?&lt;/a&gt;", para chegar ao texto de James Frey sobre "&lt;a href="http://www.eaie.org/pdf/f53art7.pdf"&gt;Questions and concerns about tertiary education in the 21st century&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este último autor reflecte sobre as diferentes missões atribuídas historicamente às universidades,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;When the ancient universities were established (Alexandria in Egypt, Bologna in what is now Italy,Mustansiriyah in what is now Iraq, Taxila in what is now India), the purpose of university education was clear. It was to pass on to future generations the accumulated wisdom of society.&lt;br /&gt;In the 1860s, the Morrill Land Grant Act transferred valuable tracts of land owned by the federal government of the United States to state governments in exchange for university instruction in agriculture, home science, and the mechanical arts. This marks the addition of applied professional (some called it vocational) training to university curricula. Most other countries have followed this example, with perhaps the last being England, which made engineering a university-based subject 100 years later. Universities now had a dual purpose: to pass on the accumulated wisdom of society, and to train students for technical occupations.&lt;br /&gt;In the 19th century, German educators developed a different philosophy of tertiary education. For them, the purpose of a university was to advance the frontiers of human knowledge through research and publication.&lt;br /&gt;In the United States and in many other countries, including Germany, the purpose of a university is now a blend of these three missions: pass on knowledge, train professional workers, and advance the frontiers of human knowledge. Some educational systems have added a fourth mission: community or public service.&lt;/blockquote&gt;para partilhar depois as suas preocupações com o ensino superior actual&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is no clear philosophical mission for tertiary educational institutions.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is almost universal agreement on the need for quality control, but no clear definition of what constitutes quality tertiary education.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is no clear identification of the public to be served.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Because of these deficiencies, tertiary education is now in a state of competitive marketing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Because of these deficiencies, tertiary education is now in a state of caveat emptor (buyer beware).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;e concluir:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Tertiary education throughout the world is in greater turmoil now than at any time since the Protestant Reformation in Europe. Those who are providers of tertiary education are being subjected to philosophical, administrative, and financial pressures from an increasing number of directions. Those who clearly define their mission, their goals, their degree programmes, and their quality standards will have a better chance to have their degrees officially recognised internationally.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7579299921734180532?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7579299921734180532/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7579299921734180532' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7579299921734180532'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7579299921734180532'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/04/para-qye-serve-universidade.html' title='Para que serve a universidade?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5393693219992596250</id><published>2009-04-17T22:57:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-04-17T23:58:36.534Z</updated><title type='text'>Do lado de lá do Atlântico...</title><content type='html'>... e mais além! Três links norte americanos (é de estranhar?) com uma preocupação com a globalização do ensino superior:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.wes.org/images/logo.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer; width: 68px; height: 43px;" src="http://www.wes.org/images/small_logo.gif" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Welcome to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.wes.org/"&gt;World Education Services&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;, your portal to trusted, accurate research and intelligence about foreign academic credentials, institutions and trends. Whether your interest is for academic or professional purposes, we’ve got the tools and information to help. &lt;/span&gt;A &lt;a href="http://www.wes.org/ewenr/"&gt;World Education News &amp;amp; Reviews (WENR)&lt;/a&gt; deste mês &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(necessário registo para aceder)&lt;/span&gt; tem um &lt;a href="http://www.wes.org/ewenr/09apr/feature.htm"&gt;artigo descrevendo o Processo de Bolonha&lt;/a&gt; e um outro bem mais interessante com uma reflexão sobre o papel das universidades: "&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;The role of universities is to educate people, to provide students with general, universal knowledge, to create an autonomous human being – a free thinker. They are not meant to simply educate people for the labor market.&lt;/span&gt;" (&lt;a href="http://www.wes.org/ewenr/09apr/practical.htm"&gt;Leban, 2009&lt;/a&gt;) Só o contexto histórico do nascimento e evolução das universidades vale o tempo do registo no site, mas quem tiver pressa pode ler a versão original do artigo &lt;a href="http://www.fkkt.uni-lj.si/attachments/2901/leban-article.pdf"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.changinghighereducation.com/"&gt;Changing Higher Education&lt;/a&gt;. Um site pessoal de &lt;a href="http://lloydarmstrong.typepad.com/about.html"&gt;Lloyd Armstrong&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;This website is dedicated to discussion and analysis of the forces coming to bear on higher education, and of ways in which higher education might proactively and effectively use these forces to increase its impact.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://globalhighered.wordpress.com/"&gt;GlobalHigherEd&lt;/a&gt;. Um blogue que se auto-descreve assim: "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;We are interested in how and why new knowledge and new spaces (including socio-technical networks) are being developed in association with the emergence of the ‘knowledge economy’, and what the implications of this complex development process are, especially for global public affairs.&lt;/span&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5393693219992596250?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5393693219992596250/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5393693219992596250' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5393693219992596250'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5393693219992596250'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/04/do-lado-de-la-do-atlantico.html' title='Do lado de lá do Atlântico...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5636423098745900279</id><published>2009-03-23T23:27:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T23:30:16.333-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Liberdade</title><content type='html'>&lt;span&gt;Ai que prazer&lt;br /&gt;Não cumprir um dever,&lt;br /&gt;Ter um livro para ler&lt;br /&gt;E não fazer!&lt;br /&gt;Ler é maçada,&lt;br /&gt;Estudar é nada.&lt;br /&gt;O Sol doira&lt;br /&gt;Sem literatura.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O rio corre, bem ou mal,&lt;br /&gt;Sem edição original.&lt;br /&gt;A brisa, essa,&lt;br /&gt;De tão naturalmente matinal,&lt;br /&gt;Como tem tempo não tem pressa...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Livros são papéis pintados com tinta.&lt;br /&gt;Estudar é uma coisa em que está indistinta&lt;br /&gt;A distinção entre nada e coisa nenhuma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quanto é melhor, quando há bruma,&lt;br /&gt;Esperar por D.Sebastião,&lt;br /&gt;Quer venha ou não!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Grande é a poesia, a bondade e as danças...&lt;br /&gt;Mas o melhor do mundo são as crianças,&lt;br /&gt;Flores, música, o luar, e o sol, que peca&lt;br /&gt;Só quando, em vez de criar, seca.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O mais do que isto&lt;br /&gt;É Jesus Cristo,&lt;br /&gt;Que não sabia nada de finanças&lt;br /&gt;Nem consta que tivesse biblioteca...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Fernando Pessoa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/EpiP6GBwNvU&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/EpiP6GBwNvU&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5636423098745900279?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5636423098745900279/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5636423098745900279' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5636423098745900279'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5636423098745900279'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/03/liberdade.html' title='Liberdade'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7076785877256673145</id><published>2009-03-03T00:37:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2009-03-03T00:40:25.043-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Journal of Learning Design</title><content type='html'>A &lt;a href="http://muitomais.wordpress.com/"&gt;Teresa Marques&lt;/a&gt; (Obrigado!) twitou o &lt;a href="http://www.jld.qut.edu.au/"&gt;endereço desta revista&lt;/a&gt;. E eu já li os dois artigos que me atraíram mais:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Erica McWilliam, &lt;a href="http://www.jld.qut.edu.au/publications/vol1no1/unlearning.jsp"&gt;Unlearning pedagogy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Is it possible that learning itself - learning as we have come to enact it habitually - may no longer be particularly useful? Could it be that the very habits that have served us so well in stable times might actually become impediments to social success, even to social survival? &lt;/span&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Stephen Brown, &lt;a href="http://www.jld.qut.edu.au/publications/vol2no2/critique.jsp"&gt;A Critique of Generic Learning Outcomes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;This paper presents a logical critique of their strengths and limitations and proposes an alternative approach to assessing learning impact in lifelong learning contexts based on the five key learning activity types defined by &lt;a href="http://www.alibris.co.uk/booksearch?qwork=8300628&amp;amp;matches=25&amp;amp;wquery=Rethinking+University+Teaching&amp;amp;cm_sp=works*listing*cover"&gt;Laurillard&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7076785877256673145?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.jld.qut.edu.au/' title='Journal of Learning Design'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7076785877256673145/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7076785877256673145' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7076785877256673145'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7076785877256673145'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/03/journal-of-learning-design.html' title='Journal of Learning Design'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4937738956731120517</id><published>2009-02-13T23:35:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2009-02-13T23:39:02.680-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Sobre o erro, as cabeças andantes, a inflação dos diplomas e a morte da criatividade</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/iG9CE55wbtY&amp;hl=pt-br&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/iG9CE55wbtY&amp;hl=pt-br&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daqui fui visitar o &lt;a href="http://www.sirkenrobinson.com/"&gt;site de Sir Ken Robinson&lt;/a&gt; e ler a sua &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Robinson_%28British_author%29"&gt;página&lt;br /&gt;na Wikipédia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4937738956731120517?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4937738956731120517/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4937738956731120517' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4937738956731120517'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4937738956731120517'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/02/sobre-o-erro-as-cabecas-andantes.html' title='Sobre o erro, as cabeças andantes, a inflação dos diplomas e a morte da criatividade'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-808683938179367508</id><published>2009-01-22T21:34:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2009-01-22T21:35:47.981-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Team-based learning</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Este ano vou outra vez tentar o ensino baseado em equipas. Não se lhe chamam grupos porque, se tudo correr bem, formam-se mesmo equipas de trabalho e não apenas um grupo de estudantes. (Quer dizer, eu chamo-lhes grupos na mesma... falar em equipas parece ou muito futebolístico ou muito presumido)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trata-se de uma forma de ensino muito elaborada e com muitas regras, mas também muito desafiante. O ano passado houve coisas que correram menos bem, mas aprende-se sempre: os estudantes e eu!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para mais sobre este tipo de ensino, ver &lt;a href="http://teambasedlearning.apsc.ubc.ca/"&gt;este site&lt;/a&gt; ou &lt;a href="http://www.ou.edu/pii/teamlearning/"&gt;este site&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7PQMdXUp1o&amp;amp;feature=PlayList&amp;amp;p=545AFFBBB4174F31&amp;amp;playnext=1&amp;amp;index=7"&gt;os vídeos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/p7PQMdXUp1o&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/p7PQMdXUp1o&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="flockcredit" style="text-align: right; color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: x-small;"&gt;Blogged with the &lt;a href="http://www.flock.com/blogged-with-flock" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;" target="_new" title="Flock Browser"&gt;Flock Browser&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-808683938179367508?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/808683938179367508/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=808683938179367508' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/808683938179367508'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/808683938179367508'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/01/team-based-learning.html' title='Team-based learning'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5252940869125688260</id><published>2009-01-13T00:17:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2009-01-13T00:21:48.356-01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='video-conferência'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='salas virtuais'/><title type='text'>DimDim</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Há muitas opções em termos de salas virtuais. Esta é uma das que apenas permite um apresentador de cada vez, mas tem a vantagem de ser grátis (em certas condições...).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ghBnNtCvhhI&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ghBnNtCvhhI&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5252940869125688260?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.dimdim.com/' title='DimDim'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5252940869125688260/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5252940869125688260' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5252940869125688260'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5252940869125688260'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/01/dimdim.html' title='DimDim'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7045811596698340655</id><published>2009-01-12T23:32:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2009-01-12T23:36:33.348-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Trabalhar em grupo</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Com o &lt;a href="http://www.wiggio.com/"&gt;Wiggio&lt;/a&gt;, trabalhar em grupo nunca mais vai ser o que era! &lt;a href="http://umpercurso.blogspot.com/2008/12/ferramentas-de-colaborao.html"&gt;Obrigado, Prof. Teresa&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/hnvDn-fd-SQ&amp;amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/hnvDn-fd-SQ&amp;amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7045811596698340655?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7045811596698340655/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7045811596698340655' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7045811596698340655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7045811596698340655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/01/trabalhar-em-grupo.html' title='Trabalhar em grupo'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-9191655422817563880</id><published>2009-01-06T09:52:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2009-01-12T23:51:58.124-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Sete princípios de boas práticas no ensino de graduação</title><content type='html'>O artigo, de Arthur W. Chickering e Zelda F. Gamson é de 1987 (Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education, AAHE Bulletin) e pode ser &lt;a href="http://www.csuhayward.edu/wasc/pdfs/End%20Note.pdf"&gt;lido aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os princípios são de muito bom senso, mas de implicações profundas:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Encorajar os contactos entre estudantes e docentes.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Desenvolver a reciprocidade e a cooperação entre os estudantes.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Usar técnicas de aprendizagem activa.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dar &lt;em&gt;feedback&lt;/em&gt; atempado.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Enfatizar o factor temporal das tarefas.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Comunicar expectativas elevadas.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Respeitar os vários talentos e formas de aprender.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;A continuação, com um ênfase explícito nas novas tecnologias, é dado no site do &lt;a href="http://www.tltgroup.org/seven/home.htm"&gt;TTL Group&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-9191655422817563880?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/9191655422817563880/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=9191655422817563880' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/9191655422817563880'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/9191655422817563880'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/01/sete-princpios-de-boas-prticas-no.html' title='Sete princípios de boas práticas no ensino de graduação'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6519619018638099649</id><published>2009-01-05T00:29:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T00:30:30.477-01:00</updated><title type='text'>How people learn</title><content type='html'>&lt;!-- Start NAP Book Display --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=8,0,0,0" width="175" height="250" id="napbookwrapper" align="middle"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.nap.edu/napbookwrapper.swf" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;param name="quality" value="high" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="wid=852402210920090104202901&amp;record_id=6160" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.nap.edu/napbookwrapper.swf" quality="high" flashvars="wid=852402210920090104202901&amp;record_id=6160" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="175" height="250" name="napbookwrapper" align="middle" allowScriptAccess="always" allowFullScreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End NAP Book Display --&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6519619018638099649?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6519619018638099649/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6519619018638099649' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6519619018638099649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6519619018638099649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-people-learn.html' title='How people learn'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3914826591088478345</id><published>2009-01-01T23:28:00.004-01:00</published><updated>2009-01-02T00:18:34.899-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Para encarar o e-learning a sério</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;O início&lt;/span&gt;: o artigo de &lt;a href="http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/"&gt;Richard Mayer&lt;/a&gt; (2003), &lt;a href="http://cecs5580.pbwiki.com/f/elements%20of%20a%20science%20of%20e-learning.pdf"&gt;Elements of a Science of E-Learning&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Journal of Educational Computing Research&lt;/span&gt;, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 297–313. &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;O teste&lt;/span&gt;: a tradução do Google da &lt;a href="http://www.elearning-reviews.org/topics/human-computer-interaction/design-principles/2003-mayer-science-elearning/"&gt;revisão do artigo&lt;/a&gt; por Werner Hartmann:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;Há muita controvérsia no campo da tecnologia educacional se apoiou computador aprendizagem é melhor do que aprender em ambientes convencionais, como em uma sala de aula ou de um livro. Estudos e relatórios que promovem e-learning muito frequentemente não são construídas sobre a investigação provas, mas são bastante doutrina de base. Este artigo tenta estabelecer uma ciência da e-learning, e-learning em que é definida como qualquer tipo de ensino que usa computadores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O artigo prevê três métodos de investigação como o núcleo de uma ciência de e-learning. (1) replicaram achados que foram encontrados em uma variedade de contextos. (2) métodos rigorosos, sob a forma de bem concebida e executada cuidadosamente estudos. (3) métodos adequados de dar respostas às questões de investigação útil. O artigo enfatiza ainda mais o consenso entre muitos pesquisadores mídia que não é benéfico para perguntar se um meio é melhor do que outro, porque uma adequada instrução método escolhido é mais importante do que a entrega médio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A maior parte do artigo salienta replicated efeitos encontrados em estudos de aprendizagem multimédia: modalidade efeito, contigüidade efeito, efeitos multimédia, personalização efeito, a coerência efeito, a redundância efeito, pré-formação efeito, sinalização efeito, estimulação e efeitos. Embora esses efeitos tenham sido conhecida há mais de uma década, o artigo oferece uma visão geral concisa destes efeitos e links deles para e-learning. Os princípios são multimédia transferidas para concreto concepção princípios para o design de multimídia explicações.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estes achados multimédia investigação por Richard Mayer e seu grupo de pesquisa são seminal na criação de uma fundação de uma ciência de e-learning. Eles devem ser considerados um must-read para todos os envolvidos na concepção de materiais pedagógicos multimídia e na investigação sobre a eficácia do e-learning. Note-se que os achados são restritas aos e-learning que se esforça concepção materiais multimédia para interação humano-computador. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;O desenrolar da meada&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;os sites&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.elearning-reviews.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;img style="text-decoration: underline;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 287px; height: 50px; " src="http://www.elearning-reviews.org/images/reviews-logo.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.e-learningguru.com/"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 278px; height: 64px;" src="http://www.e-learningguru.com/images/logo.gif" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;o livro de R. Mayer, &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/e-Learning-Science-Instruction-Guidelines-Multimedia/dp/0787986836/ref=pd_bxgy_b_text_c"&gt;e-Learning and the Science of Instruction&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.e-learningguru.com/books/science_instruction.pdf"&gt;sumarizado aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3914826591088478345?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3914826591088478345/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3914826591088478345' title='5 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3914826591088478345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3914826591088478345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2009/01/para-encarar-o-e-learning-srio.html' title='Para encarar o e-learning a sério'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6425151491347544052</id><published>2008-12-31T17:23:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-31T17:34:07.069-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ensino à distância de acesso livre</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Uma ideia simples mas brilhante: pedir a especialistas em várias áreas que façam pequenos vídeos explicativos daquilo que sabem fazer, de modo a que as pessoas interessadas possam aprender. O ensino demonstrativo no seu melhor. É na &lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.expertvillage.com/"&gt;Expert Village&lt;/a&gt;. Estou agora a seguir as aulas de &lt;a href="http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/2629_jazz-improvisation.htm"&gt;improvisação jazz em guitarra&lt;/a&gt;. Mas já aprimorei o meu crawl graças a &lt;a href="http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/4128_competitive-freestyle.htm"&gt;estas lições&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://cdn-www.expertvillage.com/player-demandstudio.swf?cacheBuster=744420296&amp;amp;flv=95851_paint-fence" id="ev_player" width="491" height="424"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://cdn-www.expertvillage.com/player-demandstudio.swf?cacheBuster=744420296&amp;amp;flv=95851_paint-fence"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.expertvillage.com/video/17070_paint-fence.htm" target="_blank" style="padding: 4px; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); font-size: 12px; font-family: Sans-Serif; display: inline;"&gt;Before You Paint: Wood Fence Repair &amp;amp; Maintenance Tips for Home Improvement&lt;/a&gt; -- powered by ExpertVillage.com&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6425151491347544052?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6425151491347544052/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6425151491347544052' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6425151491347544052'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6425151491347544052'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/ensino-distncia-de-acesso-livre.html' title='Ensino à distância de acesso livre'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8585322871512725623</id><published>2008-12-30T16:12:00.005-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-30T16:16:45.394-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Authentic Assessment</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/Templates/titlebar5.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 260px; height: 24px;" src="http://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/Templates/titlebar5.gif" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;What is authentic assessment?&lt;/span&gt; A form of assessment in which students are asked to perform real-world tasks that demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills. An authentic assessment usually includes a task for students to perform and a rubric by which their performance on the task will be evaluated.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8585322871512725623?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/index.htm' title='Authentic Assessment'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8585322871512725623/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8585322871512725623' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8585322871512725623'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8585322871512725623'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/authentic-assessment.html' title='Authentic Assessment'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8734235316537274735</id><published>2008-12-30T15:59:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-30T16:03:52.944-01:00</updated><title type='text'>University of Oklahoma Program for Instructional Innovation</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SVpT1EywE9I/AAAAAAAADbI/zKpxrrQWnjk/s1600-h/pii-animation.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285629283957478354" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 153px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 105px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SVpT1EywE9I/AAAAAAAADbI/zKpxrrQWnjk/s320/pii-animation.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;We invite everyone, on-campus and off-campus, to visit this website. It contains&lt;br /&gt;some of our current ideas on good teaching, as well as information about the&lt;br /&gt;services and activities of our Program.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Estou lá! &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8734235316537274735?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.ou.edu/pii/index.htm' title='University of Oklahoma Program for Instructional Innovation'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8734235316537274735/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8734235316537274735' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8734235316537274735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8734235316537274735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/university-of-oklahoma-program-for.html' title='University of Oklahoma Program for Instructional Innovation'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SVpT1EywE9I/AAAAAAAADbI/zKpxrrQWnjk/s72-c/pii-animation.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8725965164479294695</id><published>2008-12-26T23:57:00.004-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-27T02:01:56.764-01:00</updated><title type='text'>A empregabilidade e a educação</title><content type='html'>Estou a ler com 13 anos de atraso &lt;a href="http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/fr/pub_contents/10"&gt;Avertissement aux écoliers et lycéens&lt;/a&gt;, de &lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem"&gt;Raoul Vaneigem&lt;/a&gt;, mas na versão portuguesa (Aviso aos alunos do básico e do secundário, &lt;a href="http://www.poemaclaro.com/antigona/"&gt;Ed. Antígona&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"Não há criança nenhuma que entre numa escola sem se expor ao risco de perder-se; ou seja, de perder a vida exuberante, ávida de conhecimentos e surpresas que tão exaltante seria alimentar, em vez de a esterilizar e desesperar sob a canga do enfadonho trabalho do saber abstracto. Que terrível testemunho nestes olhos brilhantes, logo desbotados."&lt;/blockquote&gt;Nota-se que Vaneigem gosta da escola ("&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;A escola detém a chave dos sonhos numa sociedade que os não tem&lt;/span&gt;") mas faz ao seu estado presente uma crítica arrasadora. Tocando todos os pontos certos, enquadra-se o modelo de sociedade presente na sua evolução histórica a partir da Revolução Industrial, quando a produção em massa acelerou o consumo dos recursos naturais e dividiu o mundo entre exploradores e explorados, até aos nossos dias, em que a liturgia do mercado está a encaminhar todo o planeta para o abismo. A escola surge como um instrumento de domínio e de manutenção da ordem &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism"&gt;capitalista&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Longe de (ou apesar de) ser um planfleto anarquista, este livro está bem fundamentado e mantém por isso a sua actualidade. Discordo de algumas coisas, como sejam a inclusão da família juntamente com a escola, a tropa, o hospital e a cadeia como instituições ao serviço da sociedade mercantil. Achei interessante ver o que me parece ser uma defesa de um neocapitalismo em que, através de um investimento ecológico, seria garantido um salário e um tempo de trabalho reduzido que deixaria tempo livre para a criação e o vagar. Por mim fico até preocupado com a perspectiva de um capitalismo esverdeado, um capitalismo melancia, verde por fora mas vermelho-sangue por dentro, com a mesma ganância do lucro a sobrepor-se a tudo o resto. Este capitalismo circundará certamente a actual crise energética e fará dinheiro com isso, de modo a garantir o status-quo e a manutenção da nossa marcha triunfante em direcção à hecatombe planetária.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De repente, a ideia do ensino para a empregabilidade já não me parece tão entusiasmante, sobretudo se cruzada com a chamada de atenção de Kieran Egan (v. &lt;a href="http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/ferramentas-cognitivas.html"&gt;entrada anterior&lt;/a&gt;) para a incompatibilidade entre um ensino virado para a compreensão do mundo e a realização pessoal e um ensino socialmente útil. Chegam-me aos ouvidos ecos das discussões do período de implementação de Bolonha, em que algumas vozes defensoras de ideais académicos se opunham veementemente ao que viam como a mercantilização do ensino. A Universidade vai ter que alinhar com um ou outro campo. Ou cada uma das universidades terá que o fazer por si. Isto, naturalmente, se fosse possível tornar esta instituição numa força de mudança em vez de uma correia de transmissão.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;A propos&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Página de Zvi Lamm, com destaque para o artigo "&lt;a href="http://zvilamm-archive.org/articles/jcs1969.pdf"&gt;Teaching and curriculum planning&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Richard W. Paul, 1988. &lt;a href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/13/01/2a.pdf"&gt;Two Conflicting Theories of Knowledge, Learning, and Literacy: The Didactic and the Critical&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;James T. Dillon, 1997. &lt;a href="http://faculty.ed.uiuc.edu/westbury/JCS/VOL30/dillon.html"&gt;Using diverse styles of teaching&lt;/a&gt; (onde é feito um resumo do livro de Lamm)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8725965164479294695?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8725965164479294695/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8725965164479294695' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8725965164479294695'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8725965164479294695'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/empregabilidade-e-educao.html' title='A empregabilidade e a educação'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3618178439640771543</id><published>2008-12-26T01:02:00.005-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-26T01:23:50.702-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Os 4 R's de William Doll</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Eu, que não estudei nem pedagogia nem psicologia, tenho muitas deficiências básicas nessas áreas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[A propósito: o facto de um professor universitário poder dizer uma coisa destas traduz uma incrível falha do sistema... Pensando melhor, o sistema não falhou- apenas já não serve perante as modernas concepção de ensino.]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deu-me por isso muito jeito que Lixin Luo goste tanto da sua sobrinha Dongdong e se tenha dado ao trabalho de explicar à sua irmã os conceitos básicos d(e um)a visão pós-modernista do currículo, no caso a de &lt;a href="http://www.lsu.edu/faculty/wdoll/"&gt;William Doll&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="http://nitinat.library.ubc.ca/ojs/index.php/tci/article/viewFile/9/69"&gt;Ler o artigo de Luo&lt;/a&gt; na &lt;a href="http://nitinat.library.ubc.ca/ojs/index.php/tci"&gt;Transnacional Curriculum Inquiry&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3618178439640771543?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3618178439640771543/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3618178439640771543' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3618178439640771543'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3618178439640771543'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/os-4-rs-de-william-doll.html' title='Os 4 R&apos;s de William Doll'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2060824931090800349</id><published>2008-12-21T23:22:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-22T01:24:36.626-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ferramentas cognitivas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Há livros que se lêem. Há livros que lêem várias vezes. E há livros que nos fazem ir buscar um lápis e sublinhar e dobrar os cantos das páginas e ir à net procurar saber mais.&lt;/p&gt;Acabei de re-ler (sim, li duas vezes seguidas, sublinhando e anotando da segunda vez) "&lt;a href="http://www.educ.sfu.ca/kegan/FutureEd.html"&gt;The future of education&lt;/a&gt;", de &lt;a href="http://www.educ.sfu.ca/kegan/"&gt;Kieran Egan&lt;/a&gt;, e confesso que fiquei entusiasmado. Muito do que lá está dito simplesmente "bate certo". A dissonância entre o ensino para a socialização (ou para a empregabilidade) e o ensino para a o saber, por exemplo, torna-se clara. E os argumentos para a incompatibilidade entre as duas funções do ensino são fortes (1). Que isso deixe em frangalhos toda a teorização sobre o ensino baseado em competências que constitui o actual paradigma do ensino superior é só mais uma angústia a acrescentar ao meu rol.&lt;br /&gt;E a ideia das ferramentas cognitivas faz tanto sentido...&lt;br /&gt;Para Egan, o papel da educação é permitir o desenvolvimento máximo da mente, entendida como um órgão cultural, onde as capacidades cerebrais e a cultura interagem. Citando &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky"&gt;Vygotsky&lt;/a&gt;, propõe que a educação deve maximizar o nosso conjunto de ferramentas cognitivas(2), cujo principal trabalho é produzir compreensão. Se o cérebro for comparado a um computador, essas ferramentas serão o respectivo sistema operativo, o qual pode ser actualizado de modo a ser dotado de funcionalidades que, partindo das pré-existentes, as completam e expandem, criando novas capacidades e novas possibilidades.&lt;br /&gt;Os principais sistemas operativos da mente são descritos como vários tipos de compreensão:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Somática- os nossos sentidos dominantes (visão, audição, tacto, gosto e olfacto) condicionam e enriquecem a nossa percepção da realidade. A compreensão somática é maximizada pela estimulação e desenvolvimento dos sentidos, do humor e das emoções.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mítica- relacionada com a linguagem, deve ser desenvolvida através do uso da "história" enquanto técnica que permite a interiorização contextualizada de factos, levando ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de reconhecer e usar metáforas ricas e variadas. Ver o &lt;a href="http://www.ierg.net/assets/documents/ideas/supplement.PDF"&gt;suplemento &lt;/a&gt;ao livro Teaching as Story Telling.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Romântica, ligada à literacia (ver &lt;a href="http://www.educ.sfu.ca/kegan/Vygotskycogandlit.pdf"&gt;Egan &amp;amp; Gajdamaschko&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Filosófica, associada à adopção do pensamento geral, abstracto e teórico. As ferramentas associadas a este tipo de compreensão são a visão própria enquanto agentes dos processos históricos e sociais, a abertura para as anomalias, a capacidade de formar metanarrativas e a necessidade de alguma base de verdade e de autoridade.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Irónica a qual, na sua forma mais simples, consiste na em reconhecer a diferença entre o que se diz e o que se pretende dizer. A compreensão dos limites das palavras liga-se ao reconhecimento de que a nossa descrição de ideias, verdades ou factos é inadequada perante a verdadeira natureza desses fenómenos. A flexibilidade mental é uma consequência da aquisição deste conjunto de ferramentas.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Kieran Egan faz parte do &lt;a href="http://ierg.net/"&gt;Imaginative Education Research Group&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1) ver Egan (2001), &lt;a href="http://www.whitman.edu/education/EdWebCourses/Web320/320downloads/10836.pdf"&gt;Why education is so difficult and contentious&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;(2) Muito do livro "The Educated Mind" pode ser &lt;a href="http://books.google.pt/books?id=9F8DpyHlFCEC&amp;amp;pg=PA97&amp;amp;lpg=PA97&amp;amp;dq=cognitive+tools+egan+literacy&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=gCXueLhlnV&amp;amp;sig=00TL0JZApDGvCk5J7ePx6r7nOyw&amp;amp;hl=pt-PT&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;resnum=4&amp;amp;ct=result#PPP1,M1"&gt;lido online&lt;/a&gt; no Google Books.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2060824931090800349?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2060824931090800349/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2060824931090800349' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2060824931090800349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2060824931090800349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/ferramentas-cognitivas.html' title='Ferramentas cognitivas'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6188291531082412729</id><published>2008-12-08T22:43:00.009-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:33.881-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Plágio ou Inspiração</title><content type='html'>Nada do que fazemos é feito no vácuo. Ouvimos o que outros dizem, lemos o que outros escreveram, vemos o que os outros fazem... Pouco há, na nossa vida e nos nossos sentimentos, que não tenha já sido experimentado e sentido por milhares de outros seres humanos, noutros locais e noutros tempos. O amor, o desengano, o ódio, a tristeza, mesmo a saudade. Temas glosados à exaustão nessa epopeia universal, temas tão gastos que só a nossa ignorância (ou o nosso egoísmo) faz parecer novos.&lt;br /&gt;Como distinguir, então, a inspiração do plágio? Talvez a comparação destes dois poemas sugira algumas pistas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;tr align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;td colspan="2" rowspan="1"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/ST26ilMfjOI/AAAAAAAAC0A/NK5KLYc4WfM/s1600-h/tedormeur.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 192px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/ST26ilMfjOI/AAAAAAAAC0A/NK5KLYc4WfM/s320/tedormeur.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277579441610919138" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Le Dormeur du Val&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Arthur Rimbaud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;1870&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C'est un trou de verdure où chante une rivière&lt;br /&gt;Accrochant follement aux herbes des haillons&lt;br /&gt;D'argent ; où le soleil, de la montagne fière,&lt;br /&gt;Luit : c'est un petit val qui mousse de rayons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un soldat jeune, bouche ouverte, tête nue,&lt;br /&gt;Et la nuque baignant dans le frais cresson bleu,&lt;br /&gt;Dort ; il est étendu dans l'herbe sous la nue,&lt;br /&gt;Pâle dans son lit vert où la lumière pleut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les pieds dans les glaïeuls, il dort. Souriant comme&lt;br /&gt;Sourirait un enfant malade, il fait un somme :&lt;br /&gt;Nature, berce-le chaudement : il a froid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les parfums ne font pas frissonner sa narine ;&lt;br /&gt;Il dort dans le soleil, la main sur sa poitrine&lt;br /&gt;Tranquille. Il a deux trous rouges au côté droit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;O Menino da Sua Mãe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Fernando Pessoa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;1926&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No plaino abandonado&lt;br /&gt;Que a morta brisa aquece,&lt;br /&gt;De balas traspassado -&lt;br /&gt;Duas, de lado a lado -,&lt;br /&gt;Jaz morto, e arrefece.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Raia-lhe a farda o sangue.&lt;br /&gt;De braços estendidos,&lt;br /&gt;Alvo, louro, exangue,&lt;br /&gt;Fita com olhar langue&lt;br /&gt;E cego os céus perdidos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tão jovem! que jovem era!&lt;br /&gt;(Agora que idade tem?)&lt;br /&gt;Filho único, a mãe lhe dera&lt;br /&gt;Um nome e o mantivera:&lt;br /&gt;"O menino da sua mãe".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Caiu-lhe da algibeira&lt;br /&gt;A cigarreira breve.&lt;br /&gt;Dera-lhe a mãe. Está inteira&lt;br /&gt;É boa a cigarreira.&lt;br /&gt;Ele é que já não serve.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De outra algibeira, alada&lt;br /&gt;Ponta a roçar o solo,&lt;br /&gt;A brancura embainhada&lt;br /&gt;De um lenço... Deu-lho a criada&lt;br /&gt;Velha que o trouxe ao colo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lá longe, em casa, há a prece:&lt;br /&gt;"Que volte cedo, e bem!"&lt;br /&gt;(Malhas que o Império tece!)&lt;br /&gt;Jaz morto, e apodrece,&lt;br /&gt;O menino da sua mãe. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Post scriptum&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/gjndTXyk3mw&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/gjndTXyk3mw&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6188291531082412729?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6188291531082412729/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6188291531082412729' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6188291531082412729'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6188291531082412729'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/plgio-ou-inspirao.html' title='Plágio ou Inspiração'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/ST26ilMfjOI/AAAAAAAAC0A/NK5KLYc4WfM/s72-c/tedormeur.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3299020192238178437</id><published>2008-12-07T13:22:00.004-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-07T13:29:57.679-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Problemas do ensino à distância</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;O ensino à distância não é só rosas, como se pode ver neste artigo de Hara &amp;amp; King (2000), &lt;a href="https://www.scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/html/2022/1092/wp00-01B.html"&gt;Students’ Distress with a Web-based Distance Education Course: An Ethnographic Study of Participants' Experiences&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mas só se aprende com os erros...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Encontrei esta referência no site &lt;a href="http://staff.washington.edu/rells/teachnology/"&gt;Technology and Webagogy&lt;/a&gt;, de Rick Ells. Vale a pena ir espreitar, porque tem lá mais pérolas, &lt;a href="http://staff.washington.edu/rells/teachnology/pedagogy.html"&gt;como esta&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3299020192238178437?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3299020192238178437/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3299020192238178437' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3299020192238178437'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3299020192238178437'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/problemas-do-ensino-distncia.html' title='Problemas do ensino à distância'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1094845433740645944</id><published>2008-12-07T13:00:00.004-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-07T13:09:07.153-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Bibliografia sobre ensino participativo</title><content type='html'>Como apoio à 4th Annual National Conference Team-Based Learning in Medical &amp;amp; Health Sciences Education, com o tema&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Developing Strategies for Facilitating Interactive Classroom Discussion in TBL&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;a href="http://www.ou.edu/pii/teamlearning/index.htm"&gt;Team-Based Learning&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://www.uky.edu/~drlane/"&gt;Derek R. Lane&lt;/a&gt; colocou online quatro excertos de livros didáticos muito interessantes:&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Davis, B. G. (1993).  &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Tools for teaching&lt;/span&gt;. (pp.63-91).  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Eble, K. E. (1988). &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The craft of teaching:  A guide to mastering the professor’s art &lt;/span&gt;(2nd ed.). (pp. 83-97). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;McKeachie, W. J. (2002). &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "&gt;Teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers&lt;/span&gt;. (pp. 30-51). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Stanfield, B. (2000).  &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The art of focused conversation:  100 ways to access group wisdom in the workplace&lt;/span&gt;. Gabriola Island, Canada:  New Society Publishers.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pode descarregá-los &lt;a href="http://www.uky.edu/~drlane/TBL2005/interaction.pdf"&gt;neste endereço&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1094845433740645944?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1094845433740645944/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1094845433740645944' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1094845433740645944'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1094845433740645944'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/bibliografia-sobre-ensino-participativo.html' title='Bibliografia sobre ensino participativo'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5878318438123253670</id><published>2008-12-07T12:50:00.003-01:00</published><updated>2008-12-07T12:59:32.972-01:00</updated><title type='text'>A arte de fazer perguntas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.nbme.org/publications/item-writing-manual.html"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 80px; height: 103px;" src="http://www.nbme.org/img/covers/iwgcover2.gif" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;A avaliação é um processo complexo que começa muito antes de os alunos começarem as aulas. Definir os objectivos é já condicionar a avaliação, se queremos que esta seja consequente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mas muito da avaliação passa por fazer perguntas, e para isso o manual do National Board of Medical Examiners &lt;a href="http://www.nbme.org/publications/item-writing-manual.html"&gt;Constructing Written Test Questions For the Basic and Clinical Sciences&lt;/a&gt; é um recurso interessante. Disponível também em espanhol e em russo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5878318438123253670?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5878318438123253670/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5878318438123253670' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5878318438123253670'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5878318438123253670'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/12/arte-de-fazer-perguntas.html' title='A arte de fazer perguntas'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5746656357343184316</id><published>2008-11-28T00:42:00.007-01:00</published><updated>2008-11-28T01:02:49.156-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Planear uma unidade curricular. Parte 1- enquadramento</title><content type='html'>O Processo de Bolonha, de acordo com a interpretação da legislação portuguesa, tem como ideia forte no plano pedagógico &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;"A transição de um sistema de ensino baseado na ideia da transmissão de conhecimentos para um sistema baseado no desenvolvimento de competências" (&lt;a href="http://www.dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2006/03/060A00/22422257.PDF"&gt;DL 74/2006&lt;/a&gt;, preâmbulo)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;ou, com mais algum pormenor&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"uma formação orientada para o desenvolvimento das competências dos estudantes, organizada com base no sistema europeu de transferência e acumulação de créditos (ECTS) e onde as componentes de trabalho experimental ou de projecto, entre outras, e a aquisição de competências transversais devem desempenhar um papel decisivo." (&lt;a href="http://www.dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2008/06/12100/0383503853.PDF"&gt;DL 107/2008&lt;/a&gt;, art. 66º-A, 1)&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A definição do conceito de competência foi feita no &lt;a href="http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/"&gt;projecto Tuning&lt;/a&gt;, e pode ser&lt;a href="http://www.tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/index.php?option=content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=173&amp;amp;Itemid=209"&gt; acedida aqui&lt;/a&gt;. Basicamente, competências são obtidas ou desenvolvidas pelo estudante durante o processo de aprendizagem. Representam uma combinação dinâmica de conhecimento, compreensão, capacidades e habilidades. São formadas em várias unidades curriculares e avaliadas em vários estádios.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;As competências podem distinguir-se em específicas da área de formação e genéricas (ou transferíveis). Estas últimas são as mais relevantes para preparar os estudantes para o seu papel futuro na sociedade em termos de empregabilidade e cidadania. São classificadas em três tipos: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Competências instrumentais: capacidades cognitivas, metodológicas, tecnológicas e linguísticas;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Competências interpessoais: capacidades individuais tais como as competências sociais (interacção social e cooperação);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Competências sistémicas: capacidades e competências relacionadas com os sistemas na sua totalidade (combinação da compreensão, da sensibilidade e do conhecimento; necessária a aquisição anterior de competências instrumentais e interpessoais).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A legislação adoptou e transcreveu os descritores de Dublin (desenvolvidos pelo &lt;a href="http://www.jointquality.nl/"&gt;Joint Quality Initiative Group&lt;/a&gt;) enquanto descritores das competências genéricas esperadas no final de cada um dos ciclos de estudos institucionalizados. Para o primeiro ciclo, dispõe o citado DL 74/2006 no art. 5º (ver também as &lt;a href="http://www.dges.mctes.pt/DGES/pt/Estudantes/Processo+de+Bolonha/Objectivos/Descritores+Dublin/"&gt;páginas de Bolonha da DGES&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;"O grau de licenciado é conferido aos que demonstrem:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;a) Possuir conhecimentos e capacidade de compreensão numa área de formação a um nível que:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 80px;"&gt;i) Sustentando-se nos conhecimentos de nível secundário, os desenvolva e aprofunde;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 80px;"&gt;ii) Se apoie em materiais de ensino de nível avançado e lhes corresponda;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 80px;"&gt;iii) Em alguns dos domínios dessa área, se situe ao nível dos conhecimentos de ponta da mesma;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;b) Saber aplicar os conhecimentos e a capacidade de compreensão adquiridos, de forma a evidenciarem uma abordagem profissional ao trabalho desenvolvido na sua área vocacional;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;c) Capacidade de resolução de problemas no âmbito da sua área de formação e de construção e fundamentação da sua própria argumentação;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;d) Capacidade de recolher, seleccionar e interpretar a informação relevante, particularmente na sua área de formação, que os habilite a fundamentarem as soluções que preconizam e os juízos que emitem, incluindo na análise os aspectos sociais, científicos e éticos relevantes;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;e) Competências que lhes permitam comunicar informação, ideias, problemas e soluções, tanto a públicos constituídos por especialistas como por não especialistas;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;f) Competências de aprendizagem que lhes permitam uma aprendizagem ao longo da vida com elevado grau de autonomia."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 40px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De acordo com a &lt;a href="http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/archivos/TUNING%20METHODOLOGY%20PARA%20LA%20WEB.pdf"&gt;metodologia Tuning&lt;/a&gt;, cada unidade curricular deve especificar que competências (genéricas e específicas) pretende desenvolver, dentro daquelas estipuladas para o curso:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/graficos/methodology_learning_3_outcomes.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 240px;" src="http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/graficos/methodology_learning_3_outcomes.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;O projecto Tuning debruçou-se sobre várias áreas, tendo-se trabalhado ao nível das competências específicas, mas as ciências biológicas não foram incluídas. Felizmente existe alguma orientação na área, na forma dos referenciais desenvolvidos pela &lt;a href="http://www.qaa.ac.uk/"&gt;QAA &lt;/a&gt;para as &lt;a href="http://www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/benchmark/statements/Biosciences07.pdf"&gt;Ciências Biológicas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Algum trabalho já feito em Portugal no estabelecimento de perfis de competências inclui os do &lt;a href="http://www.lis.ulusiada.pt/cursos/bolonha/ciclos_2008_2009/gerontologiasocial/docs/perfil_competencias_gerontologo.pdf"&gt;Gerontólogo&lt;/a&gt; ou do &lt;a href="http://gep.ist.utl.pt/files/estudos/2002/Relatorio_Perfil_Competencias.pdf"&gt;Engenheiro&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Estabelecer objectivos de aprendizagem para uma disciplina requer, portanto, uma decisão pessoal do docente. Em que critérios se deve basear?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5746656357343184316?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5746656357343184316/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5746656357343184316' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5746656357343184316'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5746656357343184316'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/11/planear-uma-unidade-curricular-parte-1.html' title='Planear uma unidade curricular. Parte 1- enquadramento'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-720645494754785099</id><published>2008-11-27T22:56:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T23:06:22.702-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Estudo sobre a implementação de Competências TIC nas escolas portuguesas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Um esplêndido trabalho, coordenado por &lt;a href="http://www.aprendercom.org/miragens/"&gt;Fernando Albuquerque Costa&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"O projecto ‘Competências TIC’ é provavelmente o maior desafio do Plano Tecnológico da Educação e pedra angular da estratégia de capacitação dos professores para a inovação das suas práticas pedagógicas com o recurso às tecnologias da informação e da comunicação. &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Este projecto contempla, por um lado, a criação de um sistema de formação e certificação de competências TIC para professores e não docentes, e, por outro lado, o esforço de reconhecimento, no quadro daquele sistema, das competências TIC de pelo menos 90% dos professores até 2010&lt;/span&gt;."&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Espero que consigam! E que todo o esforço e as óbvias boas intenções não sejam, como é costume, completamente deturpadas por aqueles que se contentam em mudar alguma coisa para que fique tudo na mesma:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/xLRt0mvvpBk&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/xLRt0mvvpBk&amp;amp;hl=pt-br&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-720645494754785099?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://aprendercom.org/Arquivo/Competencias%20TIC_1.pdf' title='Estudo sobre a implementação de Competências TIC nas escolas portuguesas'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/720645494754785099/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=720645494754785099' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/720645494754785099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/720645494754785099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/11/estudo-sobre-implementao-de-competncias.html' title='Estudo sobre a implementação de Competências TIC nas escolas portuguesas'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1636444747717274233</id><published>2008-11-13T23:37:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T23:44:23.415-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Manuel qualité pour la e-formation dans l'enseignement supérieur</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Ce manuel traite essentiellement de l'assurance qualité pour la e-formation dans l'enseignement supérieur.   Il est le principal aboutissement de deux années d'étude pour le projet E-xcellence, entrepris sous le parrainage de l'EADTU (&lt;a href="http://www.eadtu.nl/"&gt;European Association of Distance Teaching Universities&lt;/a&gt;) impliquant une équipe d'experts de douze institutions européennes concernées par le développement de la e-formation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1636444747717274233?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.eadtu.nl/e-xcellenceQS/files/members/E-xcellenceManualGrey_FR/index.html' title='Manuel qualité pour la e-formation dans l&apos;enseignement supérieur'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1636444747717274233/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1636444747717274233' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1636444747717274233'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1636444747717274233'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/11/manuel-qualit-pour-la-e-formation-dans.html' title='Manuel qualité pour la e-formation dans l&apos;enseignement supérieur'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1374190888424781546</id><published>2008-10-28T23:30:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2008-10-28T23:50:37.292-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Jiddu Krishnamurti</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.gnosisonline.org/Mestres_da_Senda/Krishnamurti_imagem.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 166px; height: 198px;" src="http://www.gnosisonline.org/Mestres_da_Senda/Krishnamurti_imagem.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Krishnamurti, education is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;educating the whole person (all parts of the person),&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;educating the person as a whole (not as an assemblage of parts), and&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;educating the person within a whole (as part of society, humanity, nature, etc.) from which it is not meaningful to extract that person.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;From the above it probably goes without saying, though it can not be said often enough, education is not about preparation for only a part of life (like work) but is about preparation for the whole of life and the deepest aspects of living.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Merely to stuff the child with a lot of information, making him pass examinations, is the most unintelligent form of education.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the central concerns of education, which is to do with inner liberation, both the students and the teachers are learners and therefore equal, and this is untouched by functional authority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The function of education, then, is to help you from childhood not to imitate anybody, but to be yourself all the time.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;De um &lt;a href="http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-krish.htm"&gt;artigo de Scott H. Forbes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1374190888424781546?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1374190888424781546/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1374190888424781546' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1374190888424781546'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1374190888424781546'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/10/jiddu-krishnamurti.html' title='Jiddu Krishnamurti'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3315289166552521963</id><published>2008-10-27T13:09:00.004-01:00</published><updated>2008-10-28T23:51:59.771-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Critical Success Factors and Effective Pedagogy for e-learning in Tertiary Education</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;This background paper was commissioned by ITPNZ to provide information about effective teaching and learning practices for e-learning in tertiary education, that would assist the wider ITPNZ project to enhance learning outcomes for Mäori e-learners. It complements a separate report analysing 2004 Ministry of Education data on tertiary students and their participation in courses using ICT. &lt;strong&gt;What we have aimed to do is to distil the main messages coming from recent thinking on effective teaching and learning, and the main messages coming from recent evidence on the use of e-learning in blended tertiary courses.&lt;/strong&gt; These show consistencies. These messages are presented in the context of the data on e-learning in New Zealand tertiary institutions, and material related to indigenous learning in overseas countries, and Mäori e-learning. There are three useful examples of the latter; but we found very little material related to indigenous elearning overseas. &lt;strong&gt;We conclude with an overview of some issues and challenges related to teaching and learning in tertiary environments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3315289166552521963?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.minedu.govt.nz/educationSectors/TertiaryEducation/PublicationsAndResources/~/media/MinEdu/Files/EducationSectors/TertiaryEducation/NZCERFinalReport.pdf' title='Critical Success Factors and Effective Pedagogy for e-learning in Tertiary Education'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3315289166552521963/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3315289166552521963' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3315289166552521963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3315289166552521963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/10/critical-success-factors-and-effective.html' title='Critical Success Factors and Effective Pedagogy for e-learning in Tertiary Education'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5353828309230073763</id><published>2008-09-24T12:18:00.001Z</published><updated>2008-09-24T12:21:33.372Z</updated><title type='text'>Parabéns, senhor ministro!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;[...]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Neste quadro, o Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, sempre que tenha notícia da prática de &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ilícitos nas praxes&lt;/span&gt;, dela dará imediato conhecimento ao Ministério Público, bem como lançará mão dos meios aptos a responsabilizar - civil e criminalmente, por acção ou omissão — os órgãos próprios das instituições do ensino superior, as associações de estudantes e ainda quaisquer outras entidades que, podendo e devendo fazê-lo, não tenham procedido de modo a procurar evitar os danos ocorridos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;[...]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Com os melhores cumprimentos,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;O Ministro da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;José Mariano Gago&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.mctes.pt/archive/doc/oficio_praxes.pdf"&gt;Ofício enviado hoje ao CRUP&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5353828309230073763?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5353828309230073763/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5353828309230073763' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5353828309230073763'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5353828309230073763'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/09/parabns-senhor-ministro.html' title='Parabéns, senhor ministro!'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3943069953944956147</id><published>2008-09-20T14:58:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-09-20T15:00:47.074Z</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ensino superior'/><title type='text'>Os perigos do excesso de especialização</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SNUP5_yF7eI/AAAAAAAACYg/ELnqPG3Dy3o/s1600-h/phd.jpg"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SNUP5_yF7eI/AAAAAAAACYg/ELnqPG3Dy3o/s400/phd.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5248118429818678754" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3943069953944956147?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3943069953944956147/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3943069953944956147' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3943069953944956147'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3943069953944956147'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/09/os-perigos-do-excesso-de-especializao.html' title='Os perigos do excesso de especialização'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SNUP5_yF7eI/AAAAAAAACYg/ELnqPG3Dy3o/s72-c/phd.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8659515427515539200</id><published>2008-09-16T16:07:00.005Z</published><updated>2008-09-20T21:10:41.474Z</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='plágio'/><title type='text'>Auto-plagiarismo em ciência</title><content type='html'>This month sees the launch of CrossCheck, an anti-plagiarism system for academic journals created by &lt;a href="http://www.iparadigms.com/"&gt;iParadigms&lt;/a&gt; to help publishers verify the originality of submitted work. It will cover 20 million journal articles from major publishers including Elsevier, Nature Publishing Group, Oxford University Press and Sage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John Barrie, chief executive of iParadigms and the man who developed the technology behind Turnitin, the plagiarism-detection software, described self-plagiarism as a "huge" problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Academics receive tenure based on their publications - it is publish or perish. That system creates this massive conflict of interest," he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Anybody who has done any research knows it is very difficult to do. You just can't crank out five, ten papers a year unless (...) you have a research team of 20 people."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A &lt;a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/plag/images/5240451.0002.010.pdf"&gt;pilot study by Tracey Bretag and Saadia Carapiet&lt;/a&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.plagiarismconference.co.uk/images/conferenceimages/039_P01%20Bretag%20and%20Carapiet.pps"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;ver também&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;] from the University of South Australia found that 60 per cent of authors in a random sample of 269 papers from the Web of Science social science and humanities database had self-plagiarised at least once in the period 2003-06. Self-plagiarism was defined "quite generously" as occurring when 10 per cent or more text from any single previous publication was reused without a citation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The truth is that if these authors had self-cited in each case, it is unlikely that the editors would have published their work because they would have seen that it had all been published before," Dr Bretag said.&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;[Fiquei tão admirado, que mais não faço que copiar e colar pedaços do texto do &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=402598"&gt;artigo de Rebbeca Attwood&lt;/a&gt;, no &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/"&gt;THE&lt;/a&gt;. Como será a situação no campo das Ciências Exactas e Naturais?]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8659515427515539200?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8659515427515539200/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8659515427515539200' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8659515427515539200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8659515427515539200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/09/auto-plagiarismo-em-cincia.html' title='Auto-plagiarismo em ciência'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4309446003528385736</id><published>2008-09-15T01:06:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-09-15T01:17:34.838Z</updated><title type='text'>Valores fundamentais da honestidade académica</title><content type='html'>&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Honesty&lt;/span&gt;.  [An academic community of integrity] advances the quest for truth and knowledge by requiring intellectual and personal honesty in learning, teaching, research, and service.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Trust&lt;/span&gt;.  [...] fosters a climate of mutual trust, encourages the free exchange of ideas, and enables all to reach their highest potential.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Fairness&lt;/span&gt;.  [...] establishes clear standards, practices, and procedures and expects fairness in the interactions of students, faculty, and administrators.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Respect&lt;/span&gt;. [...] recognizes the participatory nature of the learning process and honors and respects a wide range of opinions and ideas.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Responsibility&lt;/span&gt;. [...] upholds personal accountability and depends upon action in the face of wrongdoing.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To develop a strong program for academic integrity, every academic institution should:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Have clear academic integrity statements, policies, and procedures that are consistently implemented.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Inform and educate the entire community regarding academic integrity policies and procedures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Promulgate and rigorously practice these policies and procedures from the top down, and provide support to those who faithfully follow and uphold them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Have a clear, accessible, and equitable system to adjudicate suspected violations of policy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Develop programs to promote academic integrity among all segments of the campus community. These programs should go beyond repudiation of academic dishonesty and include discussions about the importance of academic integrity and its connection to broader ethical issues and concerns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Be alert to trends in higher education and technology affecting academic integrity on its campus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Regularly assess the effectiveness of its policies and procedures and take steps to improve and rejuvenate them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;The Center for Academic Integrity (1999)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.academicintegrity.org/fundamental_values_project/pdf/FVProject.pdf"&gt;THE FUNDAMENTAL VALUES OF ACADEMIC INTEGRI T Y&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4309446003528385736?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.academicintegrity.org/fundamental_values_project/pdf/FVProject.pdf' title='Valores fundamentais da honestidade académica'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4309446003528385736/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4309446003528385736' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4309446003528385736'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4309446003528385736'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/09/valores-fundamentais-da-honestidade.html' title='Valores fundamentais da honestidade académica'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7958056051710194660</id><published>2008-09-14T23:11:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-09-15T01:18:56.427Z</updated><title type='text'>Expectativas à entrada na universidade</title><content type='html'>Um &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=403454"&gt;artigo no THE&lt;/a&gt; sobre as expectativas (e os desapontamentos) dos alunos do 1º ano.&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Chamou-me a atenção um dos pontos ali levantados: o da diferença entre os tipos de ensino no secundário e na universidade, incluindo um apelo ao diálogo entre os dois sistemas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Michael Arthur, vice-chancellor of the University of Leeds, agrees that the difference in teaching styles between school and university causes problems. New students struggle to adjust to genuinely independent study, he says, and it is up to universities to address this gulf between the two levels of education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"I have become quite concerned about the rather assessment-driven process that pupils go through in primary and secondary education," says Arthur. "I think it's got worse. I think they are being increasingly taught in the context of getting good grades in an assessment. When they come here, they expect something similar."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;He continues: "We should be influencing secondary education in particular, and possibly as far back as primary. It's not just the responsibility of secondary and primary education, it's also a responsibility of higher education to change things at the front end of courses."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Não me parece que em Portugal este problema seja grave. Estarei enganado?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7958056051710194660?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7958056051710194660/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7958056051710194660' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7958056051710194660'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7958056051710194660'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/09/expectativas-entrada-na-universidade.html' title='Expectativas à entrada na universidade'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2841160862578002728</id><published>2008-06-10T14:25:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-06-10T15:00:46.304Z</updated><title type='text'>Short Guides for Learning and Teaching</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/images/general/transition.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 176px; height: 247px;" src="http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/images/general/transition.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;O &lt;a href="http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/"&gt;Centre for Bioscience&lt;/a&gt; acabou de editar uma série de &lt;a href="http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/shortguides.aspx"&gt;pequenos guias sobre temas relacionados com o ensino e a aprendizagem&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Num estilo muito prático abordam-se questões importantes como o plágio ou a transição para o ensino superior.&lt;br /&gt;No guia sobre prevenção do plágio, por exemplo, propõem-se 3 passos simples:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;reduzir o risco de plágio encorajando o "fazer" em vez de "copiar", alterando o formato de entrega (poster em vez de ensaio), requerendo aos estudantes que critiquem, planeiem, defendam e justifiquem em vez de descrever ou explicar;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;procurar evidências do trabalho feito, como rascunhos, cópias dos artigos consultados, registos de reuniões;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;recolhendo evidências de autenticidade organizando breves provas orais, estabelecendo uma tarefa posterior de verificação de conhecimentos ou de métodos e incluindo avaliação pelos pares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2841160862578002728?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2841160862578002728/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2841160862578002728' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2841160862578002728'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2841160862578002728'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/06/short-guides-for-learning-and-teaching.html' title='Short Guides for Learning and Teaching'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5523747465055185081</id><published>2008-06-06T23:34:00.006Z</published><updated>2008-06-06T23:47:03.570Z</updated><title type='text'>Desacordo ortográfico</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SEnJnGLIqYI/AAAAAAAACIc/Ng_o_7xOIwk/s1600-h/desacordo.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SEnJnGLIqYI/AAAAAAAACIc/Ng_o_7xOIwk/s400/desacordo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5208916117540088194" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;table style="text-align: left;" border="0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;td&gt;Eu já assinei a petição. Só não tenho a t-shirt...&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;td&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/manifestolinguaportuguesa/"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 112px; height: 112px;" src="http://img370.imageshack.us/img370/6519/manifestodefesalinguapoug5.png" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5523747465055185081?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5523747465055185081/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5523747465055185081' title='6 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5523747465055185081'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5523747465055185081'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/06/desacordo-ortogrfico.html' title='Desacordo ortográfico'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/SEnJnGLIqYI/AAAAAAAACIc/Ng_o_7xOIwk/s72-c/desacordo.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3981033137357004959</id><published>2008-06-05T22:26:00.002Z</published><updated>2008-06-05T22:43:46.595Z</updated><title type='text'>A geração Google e a leitura</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;"Does the Google generation, which has grown up with a deluge of data just clicks away, lack the independence of thought and critical rigour needed for higher study?" pergunta &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=402225"&gt;Matthew Reisz, do Times Higher Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/%7Euczciro/smallpin1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/%7Euczciro/smallpin1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A resposta está no relatório &lt;a href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/slais/research/ciber/"&gt;CIBER&lt;/a&gt;, cujo &lt;a href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/slais/research/ciber/downloads/ggexecutive.pdf"&gt;sumário executivo&lt;/a&gt; vale a pena ler:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The findings of these studies raise questions about the ability of schools and colleges to develop the search capabilities of the Google Generation to a level appropriate to the demands of higher education and research.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3981033137357004959?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3981033137357004959/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3981033137357004959' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3981033137357004959'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3981033137357004959'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/06/gerao-google-e-leitura.html' title='A geração Google e a leitura'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6282576025066846232</id><published>2008-05-02T00:10:00.005Z</published><updated>2008-09-15T01:22:06.001Z</updated><title type='text'>Tutorias, ECTS, e horas lectivas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://weblogs.newsday.com/sports/watchdog/blog/alarm-clock-400.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px;" src="http://weblogs.newsday.com/sports/watchdog/blog/alarm-clock-400.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A questão da contagem de tempo de serviço lectivo é uma das áreas de Bolonha que está pouco esclarecida. Qual é a diferença formal entre 1h teórica e 1h de tutoria?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concretizando:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;se tenho uma turma de 20 alunos e a divido em 4 grupos de 5 para uma tutoria de uma hora, isso conta 4h de tempo de serviço- ou não?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;se a tipologia de uma disciplina estabelece que terá 10h de tutoria isso significa o quê? Que cada aluno receberá 10h de tutoria, ou que o professor fará 10h de tutoria? A segunda hipótese, aplicada ao exemplo anterior, faria com que cada aluno recebesse apenas 2,5h de tutoria, uma vez que há 4 grupos.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Admitindo que os ECTS reflectem o tempo de trabalho de um estudante individual, às horas de tutoria deve aplicar-se o mesmo raciocínio. Nesse caso, muitas vezes será difícil calcular à partida, na distribuição do serviço docente, o tempo de trabalho correspondente para o docente, pois depende do tamanho da turma e do tamanho dos grupos. Por outro lado, se uma hora de tutoria que me é atribuída se pode multiplicar tantas vezes quantos os grupos a tutorar, é preciso moralizar o sistema, ou vamos acabar com tutorias individuais em todas as disciplinas. Ao fim e ao cabo, os &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=401632"&gt;estudantes até reclamam mais horas de contacto e ensino em pequenos grupos&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como estará este problema a ser resolvido por aí?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6282576025066846232?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6282576025066846232/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6282576025066846232' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6282576025066846232'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6282576025066846232'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/05/tutorias-ects-e-horas-lectivas.html' title='Tutorias, ECTS, e horas lectivas'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-669862857135112289</id><published>2008-04-19T19:22:00.002Z</published><updated>2008-04-19T19:58:45.341Z</updated><title type='text'>A minha filosofia de ensino</title><content type='html'>Já escrevi há algum tempo &lt;a href="http://www.uac.pt/%7Ejazevedo/juramento.htm"&gt;o meu juramento socrático&lt;/a&gt;. Praticamente copiei-o do de &lt;a href="http://www.clt.astate.edu/aromero/"&gt;Aldemaro Romero&lt;/a&gt;, mais para me servir de inspiração e orientação do que como culminar de um processo de reflexão e maturação. Volto a ele de vez em quando, para me assegurar que se mantém lá, naquela franja subliminar onde as decisões são tomadas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decidi agora dar o passo seguinte: o de estabelecer uma filosofia de ensino. Ou melhor, a &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;minha &lt;/span&gt;filosofia de ensino. Esse passo já mais gente deu, pelo menos no mundo anglo-saxónico, porque aparentemente é &lt;a href="http://chronicle.com/jobs/2003/03/2003032702c.htm"&gt;requerido nas candidaturas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma filosofia de ensino pessoal é um conjunto de afirmações que devem reflectir o nosso posicionamento pessoal perante a tarefa de ensinar e perante as necessidades dos estudantes, da instituição e da sociedade. &lt;a href="http://www.celt.iastate.edu/teaching/philosophy.html"&gt;Lee Haugen sugere&lt;/a&gt; que se responda a 4 perguntas:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Para quê? &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Quais são os meus objectivos como professor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Por que meios? &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Que métodos vou usar para atingir estes objectivos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Até onde? &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Como avalio o grau de persecução dos meus objectivos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Porquê? &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Porque estou nesta profissão?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Outros textos de apoio para esta tarefa são os de &lt;a href="http://www.ams.org/notices/200611/comm-grundman.pdf"&gt;Helen Grundman&lt;/a&gt;, do &lt;a href="http://www.lll.hawaii.edu/sltcc/tipps/philosophy.html"&gt;TiPPS&lt;/a&gt; e da &lt;a href="http://ftad.osu.edu/portfolio/philosophy/Philosophy.html"&gt;FTAD&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vou só buscar uma folha de rascunho e volto já...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-669862857135112289?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/669862857135112289/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=669862857135112289' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/669862857135112289'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/669862857135112289'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/04/minha-filosofia-de-ensino.html' title='A minha filosofia de ensino'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5136023559701617793</id><published>2008-04-17T23:22:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-04-26T11:28:17.736Z</updated><title type='text'>Online Tutoring</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jun2005/2005-06-06-02.asp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px;" src="http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jun2005/20050606_chimps.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Somos seres sociais, e nada substitui o contacto inter-pessoal. Que mais não seja, assumir um compromisso perante uma pessoa (o professor, neste caso) é uma mais forte motivação para executar uma tarefa do que uma entrada na agenda.&lt;/p&gt;Daí que mesmo em cursos à distância seja necessária alguma forma de tutoria para garantir o sucesso pedagógico e assegurar a componente pessoal da experiência.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descobri hoje um &lt;a href="http://otis.scotcit.ac.uk/onlinebook/"&gt;Online Tutoring e-book&lt;/a&gt; que me parece estar bem organizado e ter um manancial de ideias a explorar. O facto de resultar de um workshop permite ter um cruzamento de experiências e perspectivas que é muito enriquecedor. A &lt;a href="http://otis.scotcit.ac.uk/onlinebook/otisT103.htm"&gt;discussão sobre o construtivismo&lt;/a&gt;, no âmbito dos modelos de aprendizagem, é um exemplo disto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Claro que muito do que é útil para a tutoria &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;online &lt;/span&gt;o é igualmente para a tutoria &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;tout-court&lt;/span&gt;. E eu prefiro claramente este conceito ao do ensino tradicional...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5136023559701617793?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5136023559701617793/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5136023559701617793' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5136023559701617793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5136023559701617793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/04/online-tutoring.html' title='Online Tutoring'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8477875494420445737</id><published>2008-03-09T22:03:00.002-01:00</published><updated>2008-03-09T22:29:22.248-01:00</updated><title type='text'>The danger in the academic world</title><content type='html'>&lt;blockquote&gt;"To my mind our danger [in the academic world] is exactly the same as that of the older system [the scholasticism of the late medieval period]. Unless we are carefull, we shall conventionalize knowledge. Our literary criticism will suppress initiative. Our historical criticism will conventionalize our our ideas of the springs of human conduct. Our scientific systems will suppress all understanding of the ways of the universe which fall outside of their abstractions. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Our ways of testing will exclude all the youth whose ways of thought lie outside our conventions of learning&lt;/span&gt;. In such ways the universities, with their scheme of orthodoxies, will stiffle the progress of the race, unless in some fortunate stirrings of humanity they are in time remodeled or swept away."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whitehead/"&gt;Alfred North Whitehead&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Essays in Science and Philosophy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8477875494420445737?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8477875494420445737/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8477875494420445737' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8477875494420445737'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8477875494420445737'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/03/danger-in-academic-world.html' title='The danger in the academic world'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6286209193518364448</id><published>2008-02-24T21:54:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2008-02-24T22:10:59.039-01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aforismos'/><title type='text'>Aforismos...</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Informação não é conhecimento.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/albert_einstein.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Albert Einstein&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6286209193518364448?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6286209193518364448/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6286209193518364448' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6286209193518364448'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6286209193518364448'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/02/aforismos.html' title='Aforismos...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8612940448896850696</id><published>2008-02-12T23:20:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2008-02-12T23:22:17.930-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Hiperverbosidade obfuscatória</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;... ou, porquê a tendência de ligar o complicómetro?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R7I39JymIeI/AAAAAAAACD8/5WuqhQ9YbeU/s1600-h/calvin-writing.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R7I39JymIeI/AAAAAAAACD8/5WuqhQ9YbeU/s400/calvin-writing.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5166253246287061474" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8612940448896850696?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8612940448896850696/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8612940448896850696' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8612940448896850696'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8612940448896850696'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/02/hiperverbosidade-obfuscatria.html' title='Hiperverbosidade obfuscatória'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R7I39JymIeI/AAAAAAAACD8/5WuqhQ9YbeU/s72-c/calvin-writing.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5976450046704692330</id><published>2008-02-11T01:25:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2008-02-11T01:26:55.177-01:00</updated><title type='text'>O ensino superior tem que ser mais do que isto...</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R6-yQZymIdI/AAAAAAAACD0/Y3NYGajWQE8/s1600-h/Joao.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R6-yQZymIdI/AAAAAAAACD0/Y3NYGajWQE8/s400/Joao.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5165543292487999954" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5976450046704692330?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5976450046704692330/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5976450046704692330' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5976450046704692330'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5976450046704692330'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/02/o-ensino-superior-tem-que-ser-mais-do.html' title='O ensino superior tem que ser mais do que isto...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R6-yQZymIdI/AAAAAAAACD0/Y3NYGajWQE8/s72-c/Joao.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3677031708365516486</id><published>2008-01-31T19:21:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2008-01-31T19:31:10.117-01:00</updated><title type='text'>A tirania da investigação</title><content type='html'>A fábula de que um professor universitário tem que ser também um investigador está a acabar, &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&amp;amp;storycode=400361"&gt;pelo menos no Reino Unido&lt;/a&gt;. E ainda bem! Com o nosso atraso, esta onda chegará cá daqui a 10 anos. E pode ser que o Mariano Gago da altura se lembre então de rever o ECDU. Pode ser. Mas vou esperar sentado...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mete-se pelos olhos dentro a falsidade da ligação entre a qualidade da investigação e a do ensino. Pois não há bastos exemplos de excelentes investigadores que são péssimos professores? Porque não há-de o contrário ser verdade?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3677031708365516486?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&amp;storycode=400361' title='A tirania da investigação'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3677031708365516486/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3677031708365516486' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3677031708365516486'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3677031708365516486'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/01/tirania-da-investigao.html' title='A tirania da investigação'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8000505769294983857</id><published>2008-01-21T23:05:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2008-01-21T23:43:22.853-01:00</updated><title type='text'>O que é uma universidade?</title><content type='html'>&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John Ciardi&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Li esta reflexão num excelente artigo de &lt;a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&amp;amp;storycode=400160&amp;amp;c=2"&gt;Matthew Reisz no Times Higher Education&lt;/a&gt; sobre a ideia da universidade. Muito no contexto britânico, claro, mas com tempo para passar em revista os conceitos de Universidade de Newman (&lt;a href="http://www.newmanreader.org/works/idea/"&gt;The idea  of a University&lt;/a&gt;) e de &lt;a href="http://www.palgrave-journals.com/hep/journal/v16/n2/full/8300013a.html"&gt;Humboldt&lt;/a&gt;, e ainda elencar outros menos, digamos, ortodoxos, como o citado acima ou este outro de um vice-reitor da Birmingham City University:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;higher education (...) consists, he suggests, of courses that are "difficult, stimulating, challenging and exciting" for students aged 18 and older arriving with two A levels.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Termino com mais duas referências, para mais tarde digerir:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl/v2n1/invited_essays/Elton/Invited_Essay_Elton.pdf"&gt;Elton, 2008. Recognition and Acceptance of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://iotu.uchicago.edu/levine.html"&gt;Levine, 2000. The Idea of the University, Take One: On the Genius of this Place&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8000505769294983857?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&amp;storycode=400160&amp;c=2' title='O que é uma universidade?'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8000505769294983857/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8000505769294983857' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8000505769294983857'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8000505769294983857'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/01/o-que-uma-universidade.html' title='O que é uma universidade?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4483870931104030743</id><published>2008-01-17T19:21:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2008-01-17T19:28:41.111-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Respostas a Kirschner et al. (2006)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/09/um-soco-no-estmago.html"&gt;Ainda não li&lt;/a&gt; o artigo  de &lt;a href="http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/kirschner_Sweller_Clark.pdf"&gt;Kirschner, Sweller &amp;amp; Clark, 2006&lt;/a&gt;. Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructivist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experiential, and Inquiry-Based Teaching. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Educational Psychologist&lt;/span&gt;, 41(2), 75-96.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas já li a &lt;a href="http://halfanhour.blogspot.com/2007/12/free-learning-and-control-learning-on.html"&gt;resposta de Stephen Downes &lt;/a&gt;(e vi o &lt;a href="http://www.downes.ca/"&gt;vídeo e os slides&lt;/a&gt;), e sei de um artigo de resposta na mesma revista do artigo original (&lt;a href="http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/hmelo_ep07.pdf"&gt;Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver, Ravit Golan Duncan, and Clark A. Chinn. 2006&lt;/a&gt;. Scaffolding and Achievement in Problem-Based and Inquiry Learning: A Response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006). &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Educational Psychologist&lt;/span&gt; 42(2), 99-107.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este pode ser um exemplo dos problemas de selectividade associados a uma aprendizagem sem orientação, mas eu prefiro assim...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4483870931104030743?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4483870931104030743/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4483870931104030743' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4483870931104030743'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4483870931104030743'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/01/respostas-kirschner-et-al-2006.html' title='Respostas a Kirschner et al. (2006)'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5274790472241736101</id><published>2008-01-03T00:29:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2008-01-03T00:29:59.994-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Como ensinar (quase) qualquer coisa a (quase) qualquer pessoa</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Artigo provocador de Felder &amp;amp; Brent (2006):&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Escrever objectivos de aprendizagem detalhados e dá-los a conhecer aos alunos.&lt;/span&gt; Esses objectivos devem especificar acções directamente observáveis e cobrir todas as capacidades (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;skills&lt;/span&gt;) que se pretende que os alunos dominem. Devem ser comunicados aos estudantes de forma a orientar o seu estudo e a a preparação para os momentos de avaliação.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Ensinar uma capacidade antes de a avaliar&lt;/span&gt;. Explicar e ilustrar o que se pretende, mostrar bons e maus exemplos e fazer os estudantes trabalharem em pequenos grupos para os criticarem, depois fazer momentos de avaliação formativa sobre esse conteúdo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Usar grelhas (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;rubrics&lt;/span&gt;) para a avaliação sumativa&lt;/span&gt; de tudo o que envolva uma avaliação subjectiva por parte do professor. Quanto mais claro é o sistema de avaliação, melhor os estudantes correspondem às expectativas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Se uma competência é importante, deve ser avaliada&lt;/span&gt;. Os estudantes só se empenham em aprender aquilo que é avaliado. Isso não é preguiça, é um comportamento racional.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A receita é simples e eficaz. Para a aplicar só é preciso tempo e organização. E vontade...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Columns/TeachAnything.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Felder &amp;amp; Brent, 2006. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Chem. Engr. Education&lt;/span&gt;, 40(3), 173–174&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5274790472241736101?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5274790472241736101/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5274790472241736101' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5274790472241736101'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5274790472241736101'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2008/01/como-ensinar-quase-qualquer-coisa-quase.html' title='Como ensinar (quase) qualquer coisa a (quase) qualquer pessoa'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8504859384491809906</id><published>2007-12-06T22:32:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T22:34:47.027-01:00</updated><title type='text'>O cone da aprendizagem</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://courses.science.fau.edu/%7Erjordan/images/learning_cone.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://courses.science.fau.edu/%7Erjordan/images/learning_cone.gif" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8504859384491809906?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8504859384491809906/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8504859384491809906' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8504859384491809906'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8504859384491809906'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/12/o-cone-da-aprendizagem.html' title='O cone da aprendizagem'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6881928900619751363</id><published>2007-12-06T22:11:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T22:31:23.110-01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='poesia'/><title type='text'>Aprender a estudar</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://nelavicente.no.sapo.pt/galeria/papoilas.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://nelavicente.no.sapo.pt/galeria/papoilas.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Trabalho de &lt;a href="http://www.nelavicente.com/"&gt;Nela Vicente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estudar é muito importante,&lt;br /&gt;mas pode-se estudar de várias maneiras....&lt;br /&gt;Muitas vezes estudar não é só aprender&lt;br /&gt;o que vem nos livros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estudar não é só ler nos livros&lt;br /&gt;que há nas escolas.&lt;br /&gt;E também aprender a ser livre,&lt;br /&gt;sem ideias tolas.&lt;br /&gt;Ler um livro é muito importante,&lt;br /&gt;ás vezes urgente.&lt;br /&gt;Mas os livros não são o bastante&lt;br /&gt;para a gente ser gente.&lt;br /&gt;É preciso aprender a escrever, mas também a viver, mas também a sonhar.&lt;br /&gt;É preciso aprender a crescer,&lt;br /&gt;aprender a estudar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aprender a crescer quer dizer:&lt;br /&gt;aprender a estudar, a conhecer os outros,&lt;br /&gt;a ajudar os outros,&lt;br /&gt;a viver com os outros.&lt;br /&gt;E quem aprende a viver com os outros&lt;br /&gt;aprende sempre a viver bem consigo próprio.&lt;br /&gt;Não merecer um castigo é estudar.&lt;br /&gt;Estar contente consigo é estudar.&lt;br /&gt;Aprender a terra, aprender o trigo&lt;br /&gt;e ter um amigo também é estudar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estudar também é repartir,&lt;br /&gt;também é saber dar&lt;br /&gt;o que a gente souber dividir&lt;br /&gt;para multiplicar.&lt;br /&gt;Estudar é escrever um ditado&lt;br /&gt;sem ninguém nos ditar;&lt;br /&gt;e se um erro nos fôr apontado&lt;br /&gt;é sabê-lo emendar.&lt;br /&gt;É preciso em vez de um tinteiro,&lt;br /&gt;ter uma cabeça que saiba pensar,&lt;br /&gt;pois, na escola da vida, primeiro está saber estudar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contar todas as papoilas de um trigal&lt;br /&gt;é a mais linda conta que se pode fazer.&lt;br /&gt;Dizer apenas música,&lt;br /&gt;quando se ouve um pássaro,&lt;br /&gt;pode ser a mais bela redacção do mundo...&lt;br /&gt;mas pensar é tudo!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;Ary dos Santos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6881928900619751363?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6881928900619751363/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6881928900619751363' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6881928900619751363'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6881928900619751363'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/12/aprender-estudar.html' title='Aprender a estudar'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5717179016061001912</id><published>2007-12-06T20:41:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T21:38:03.312-01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='educação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='estilos de aprendizagem'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='construtivismo'/><title type='text'>Construtivismo no ensino das Ciências</title><content type='html'>Esta é uma entrada "cabide": colocar aqui uma série de artigos sobre técnicas pedagógicas no ensino das ciências naturais, até ter tempo para os analisar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laburu et al., 2001. &lt;a href="http://www.fsc.ufsc.br/ccef/port/18-2/artpdf/a2.pdf"&gt;Controvérsias construtivistas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laburu &amp;amp; Carvalho, data?. &lt;a href="http://www2.ufpa.br/ensinofts/artigos2/v1n1a5.pdf"&gt;Controvérsias construtivistas e pluralismo metodológico no ensino de Ciências Naturais&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www2.ufpa.br/ensinofts/artigos2/v1n1a5.pdf"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laburú &amp;amp; Arruda, 2002. &lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbef/v24n4/a15v24n4.pdf"&gt;Reflexões críticas sobre as estratégias instrucionais construtivistas na educação científica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Carvalho, 2005. &lt;a href="http://www2.uel.br/proppg/semina/pdf/semina_26_2_20_17.pdf"&gt;Construtivismo, pluralismo metodológico e formação de professores&lt;br /&gt;para o ensino de ciências naturais&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yamazaki &amp;amp; Yamazaki, 2006. &lt;a href="http://fisica.uems.br/profsergiochoitiyamazaki/t5p2metodologias.pdf"&gt;Sobre o uso de metodologias alternativas para ensino-aprendizagem de ciências&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PS: As &lt;a href="http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/"&gt;páginas disponibilizadas por Richard Felder&lt;/a&gt; são também importantes, neste contexto do ensino. Contém um inquérito para &lt;a href="http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html"&gt;determinar o seu estilo de aprendizagem&lt;/a&gt;, e uma lista impressionante de artigos com maior e menor profundidade, dos quais destaco, como amostra, o divertido "&lt;a href="http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Columns/Questions.pdf"&gt;Any questions?&lt;/a&gt;" e o provocador "&lt;a href="http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Columns/TeachAnything.pdf"&gt;How to teach (almost) anybody (almost) anything&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5717179016061001912?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5717179016061001912/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5717179016061001912' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5717179016061001912'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5717179016061001912'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/12/construtivismo-no-ensino-das-cincias.html' title='Construtivismo no ensino das Ciências'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5065297289049830286</id><published>2007-11-26T23:30:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-26T23:34:40.487-01:00</updated><title type='text'>A vida pode esperar...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R0tlksspRmI/AAAAAAAABnw/zGQCkzAY2Pg/s1600-h/socrates_exams.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R0tlksspRmI/AAAAAAAABnw/zGQCkzAY2Pg/s400/socrates_exams.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5137311481094293090" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;"Descoberto" por &lt;a href="http://paideia-idalinajorge.blogspot.com/2007/11/aprendizagem-centrada-no-aluno-utopia-e.html"&gt;Paideia.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5065297289049830286?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5065297289049830286/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5065297289049830286' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5065297289049830286'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5065297289049830286'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/11/vida-pode-esperar.html' title='A vida pode esperar...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/R0tlksspRmI/AAAAAAAABnw/zGQCkzAY2Pg/s72-c/socrates_exams.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4321879551712231999</id><published>2007-11-25T20:56:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-25T20:59:46.146-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Especialização</title><content type='html'>&lt;em&gt;A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-&lt;a href="http://www.angelfire.com/or/sociologyshop/lazlong.html"&gt;Robert A. Heinlein&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4321879551712231999?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4321879551712231999/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4321879551712231999' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4321879551712231999'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4321879551712231999'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/11/especializao.html' title='Especialização'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4634496562867591592</id><published>2007-11-24T22:48:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-24T23:26:48.862-01:00</updated><title type='text'>O currículo escondido</title><content type='html'>O que se aprende de facto na escola:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Aceitar a confusão como destino.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;I teach the un-relating of everything, an infinite fragmentation the opposite of cohesion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Permanecer no seu lugar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;I never lie outright, but I've come to see that truth and schoolteaching are, at bottom, incompatible just as Socrates said they were thousands of years ago.  The lesson of numbered classes is that everyone has a proper place in they pyramid and that there is no way out of your class except by number magic.  Until that happens you must stay where you are put.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Indiferença&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;I teach children not to care about anything too much, even though they want to make it appear that they do.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dependência emocional&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;By stars and red checks, smiles and frowns, prizes, honors and disgraces I teach you to surrender your will to the predestined chain of command.  Rights may be granted or withheld by any authority, without appeal because rights do not exist inside a school, not even the right of free speech.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dependência intelectual&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Good people wait for a teacher to tell them what to do.  It is the most important lesson, that we must wait for other people, better trained than ourselves, to make the meanings of our lives. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Auto-estima provisória&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The lesson of report cards, grades, and tests is that children should not trust themselves or their parents, but need to rely on the evaluation of certified officials.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Não te podes esconder.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;All these childless men who wrote these books discovered the same thing: children must be closely watched if you want to keep a society under tight central control.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;The 7-Lesson Schoolteacher&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.johntaylorgatto.com/"&gt;John Taylor Gatto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4634496562867591592?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4634496562867591592/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4634496562867591592' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4634496562867591592'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4634496562867591592'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/11/o-currculo-escondido.html' title='O currículo escondido'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2389971214793954368</id><published>2007-11-24T18:44:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-24T23:46:44.211-01:00</updated><title type='text'>In Context</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.context.org/IMAGES/cilogoF.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://www.context.org/IMAGES/cilogoF.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um site que me parece desactivado (a última notícia é de 2000), mas com um objectivo de actualidade crucial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Our work is characterized by a way of thinking which we feel is important for the development of humane sustainable cultures appropriate for the Planetary Era. While there is no simple name or description for this way of thinking, it includes the following elements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Systems Thinking &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Solution Orientation &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Ecological Thinking &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Long-Term Orientation &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Compassion and Forgiveness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Publicavam uma revista, &lt;a href="http://www.context.org/ICLIB/backi.htm"&gt;In Context&lt;/a&gt;, A Quarterly Of Humane Sustainable Culture, da qual saíram os seguintes volumes relacionados com educação: &lt;a href="http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC06/TOC06.htm"&gt;The Way of Learning&lt;/a&gt; (1984),  &lt;a href="http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC18/TOC18.htm"&gt;Transforming Education&lt;/a&gt; (1988) e &lt;a href="http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC27/TOC27.htm"&gt;The Learning Revolution&lt;/a&gt; (1991).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2389971214793954368?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.context.org/ICLIB/icintro.htm' title='In Context'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2389971214793954368/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2389971214793954368' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2389971214793954368'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2389971214793954368'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/11/in-context.html' title='In Context'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2058330159865181834</id><published>2007-11-24T18:25:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-24T18:36:47.340-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Os perigos da educação</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.islandpress.org/books/cover/1559634952.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px;" src="http://www.islandpress.org/books/cover/1559634952.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Penso chegada a hora de uma "perestroika" educacional, ou seja, de um repensar do processo e da substância da educação a todos os níveis, começando por admitir que muito do que há de mal no mundo é o resultado de uma educação que nos aliena da vida em nome do domínio da espécie humana, fragmenta em vez de unificar, dá demasiada ênfase ao sucesso e às carreiras, separa sentimentos de intelecto e o prático do teórico, e liberta no mundo mentes ignorantes da sua própria ignorância.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oberlin.edu/news-info/98sep/orr_profile.html"&gt;David Orr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://books.google.pt/books?id=Oy9IGO5ZdaUC&amp;amp;dq=earth+in+mind+david+orr&amp;amp;pg=PP1&amp;amp;ots=QdV2FGCI4_&amp;amp;sig=GLabhvNNpaBpaOSNkFgQ0E7gw-0&amp;amp;prev=http://www.google.pt/search%3Fq%3Dearth%2Bin%2Bmind%2Bdavid%2BOrr%26ie%3Dutf-8%26oe%3Dutf-8%26aq%3Dt%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:pt-PT:official%26client%3Dfirefox-a&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=print&amp;amp;ct=title&amp;amp;cad=one-book-with-thumbnail"&gt;Heart in Mind&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(tradução minha)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do mesmo autor, ver também o artigo &lt;a href="http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC27/Orr.htm"&gt;What is education for?&lt;/a&gt;, onde Orr apresenta os 6 mitos da educação moderna:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;A ignorância é um problema resolúvel.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Podemos gerir o planeta se tivermos suficiente conhecimento e tecnologia.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;O conhecimento está a aumentar, e com ele a bondade humana.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Um ensino compartimentado resultará numa aprendizagem integrada.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A finalidade da educação é a ascensão social.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A nossa cultura representa o apogeu da civilização.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;No mesmo artigo, o autor apresenta 6 princípios para repensar a educação para um planeta em declínio:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Toda a educação é educação ambiental.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;O objectivo da educação não é o domínio dos conteúdos, mas de si próprio.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;O conhecimento traz com ele a responsabilidade de fazer com que ele seja bem utilizado.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Não podemos dizer que sabemos alguma coisa se não percebermos os efeitos dela nas pessoas e nas comunidades.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;O exemplo é mais importante que as palavras.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A maneira como se aprende é tão importante como o conteúdo.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2058330159865181834?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2058330159865181834/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2058330159865181834' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2058330159865181834'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2058330159865181834'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/11/os-perigos-da-educao.html' title='Os perigos da educação'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2419928253718872642</id><published>2007-11-11T20:44:00.001-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-11T20:46:06.409-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Estatísticas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rzd18psiVOI/AAAAAAAABnk/y7ctsjVodew/s1600-h/notas.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rzd18psiVOI/AAAAAAAABnk/y7ctsjVodew/s320/notas.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5131699985257223394" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Por causa de processos de equivalência de alunos Erasmus solicitei aos serviços académicos informação sobre as classificações finais de todas as disciplinas de um dado curso nos últimos três anos. A distribuição de frequência das 5212 classificações é essa aí à esquerda.&lt;br /&gt;Fiquei surpreendido. A minha estatística está um bocado enferrujada, mas tratando-se de tantos estudantes e de tantas disciplinas diferentes, estaria,  pelo &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_do_Limite_Central"&gt;teorema do limite central&lt;/a&gt;, à espera de uma &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_normal"&gt;distribuição normal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Depois olhei melhor e reparei que &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;esta pode ser uma distribuição normal&lt;/span&gt;: se a média estiver no 10 ou para trás dele.&lt;br /&gt;Fiquei a pensar nas causas desta distribuição. Se a média estivesse, por exemplo, no 13 ou no 14 e se estendesse para trás até ao 6 ou 7, e os alunos reprovados acabassem depois por passar com 10 ou 11, poderia resultar uma distribuição parecida, mas ainda se reconheceriam duas modas. A bimodalidade só desapareceria se a média original fosse próxima desses valores.&lt;br /&gt;O que se passa num curso em que metade das classificações é de 12 ou inferior? De quem é a culpa de mais de 60% das classificações não chegarem sequer ao Bom (14)?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2419928253718872642?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2419928253718872642/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2419928253718872642' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2419928253718872642'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2419928253718872642'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/11/estatsticas.html' title='Estatísticas'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rzd18psiVOI/AAAAAAAABnk/y7ctsjVodew/s72-c/notas.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3461697181355007234</id><published>2007-10-29T01:06:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-11-11T20:49:56.033-01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avaliação sumativa'/><title type='text'>As incertezas da avaliação</title><content type='html'>Por mais que me &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;esforce &lt;/span&gt;por tornar os critérios transparentes, por descrever à partida as etapas e os requisitos da avaliação sumativa, não consigo evitar algum desconforto nessa tarefa de distribuir dozes e quinzes e dezanoves. Resumir todo o trabalho de um semestre a um número entre 10 e 20 é tão espartilhante que chega a ser doloroso. E é uma barreira que se ergue no relacionamento entre professores e alunos: saber que no final sou eu que vou "dar a nota" cria uma assimetria que condiciona todo o comportamento de parte a parte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Certo, professor, eu percebo que isso é importante, mas vai sair no teste?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não tenho solução para isto, a não ser o trabalho que faço para enfatizar mais a componente pedagógica da avaliação (avaliar para ensinar), para multiplicar os momentos e as formas de avaliação sumativa, para alinhar a avaliação com os objectivos de aprendizagem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os &lt;a href="http://www.thes.co.uk/current_edition/story.aspx?story_id=2038788"&gt;comentários &lt;/a&gt;feitos em torno de um livro recente, &lt;a href="http://www.mcgraw-hill.co.uk/html/0335221076.html"&gt;Developing Effective Assessment in Higher Education: A Practical Guide&lt;/a&gt;, vieram mostrar-me que não sou só eu a perceber a subjectividade da avaliação sumativa, particularmente aquela dirigida a capacidades de mais alto nível. Dois professores avaliam um grupo de estudantes de maneira diferente mesmo partindo de um programa idêntico e até usando o mesmo teste. Quando se reconhece, como faz um dos autores do livro, que a classificação final de um estudante pode depender tanto dos avaliadores como da sua competência académica, não nos sentimos todos com os pés de barro?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A solução, de acordo com os autores, passa por uma maior aproximação aos estudantes. Os professores devem tornar claros os padrões de avaliação, tornando-os mais transparentes, lógicos e objectivos, e trabalhar no sentido de serem os próprios estudantes a reconhecer a qualidade do respectivo trabalho. O profissionalismo passa, de facto, por ser capaz de reconhecer a qualidade de um trabalho (ou a falta dela), e esse treino deve começar desde os tempos da formação.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um outro aspecto relacionado com este tem a ver com a classificação final de um curso ou de um ano. Dada como a média aritmética das classificações das disciplinas, ponderada eventualmente por coeficientes como o número de créditos, permite alinhar todos os diplomados ao longo de uma escala. Mas, ao fazê-lo, ignora o leque de aprendizagens que cada pessoa efectuou, e desvia a atenção do facto de que um 10 significa que um estudante tem os requisitos considerados necessários para passar o ano ou receber um dado diploma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por causa disto, o recém publicado &lt;a href="http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/news/detail/academy_response_to_steering_groups_final_report"&gt;relatório final da Comissão Burgess&lt;/a&gt;, no Reino Unido, propõe a substituição da "nota final" da licenciatura por um relatório no qual constem os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos do desempenho do estudante, assim como as competências por este possuídas, expressas por exemplo no âmbito de um &lt;a href="http://www.gepe.min-edu.pt/np3/29.html"&gt;Quadro de Qualificações&lt;/a&gt; apropriado. E é nesse sentido que teremos de caminhar: para um sistema que não reduza as pessoas a números mas que, sendo objectivo e justo, lhes permita valorizar aquilo que elas têm de bom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Também colocado no "&lt;a href="http://outroarcanjo.blogspot.com/2007/10/as-incertezas-da-avaliao.html"&gt;Aragem&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3461697181355007234?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3461697181355007234/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3461697181355007234' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3461697181355007234'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3461697181355007234'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/10/as-incertezas-da-avaliao.html' title='As incertezas da avaliação'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8494234951674585044</id><published>2007-10-11T22:01:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-10-11T22:57:36.368Z</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='TIC&apos;s'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='e-learning'/><title type='text'>Experiências pedagógicas- o fórum de discussão</title><content type='html'>Numa aula tradicional o aluno tem para expor dúvidas apenas os poucos momentos antes e depois da aula e as ditas horas de atendimento. Na minha experiência é raro alguém aparecer nestas horas, mesmo nas vésperas das avaliações. Como a aula seguinte tem o seu próprio programa, perdem-se muitas oportunidades de aprofundar assuntos, esclarecer pontos menos claros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma plataforma de e-learning tem uma função básica que vem ao encontro deste problema: o &lt;span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"&gt;fórum de discussão&lt;/span&gt;. Constituindo um espaço público de discussão, tem as seguintes vantagens:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;estudante deve articular as suas dúvidas para poder expô-las por escrito&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;os colegas beneficiam da leitura das respostas&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;o professor evita ter que responder individualmente a cada estudante, e pode fazê-lo no horário que mais lhe convier&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Um fórum tem outras possibilidades. Pode ser, por exemplo, utilizado de uma forma activa, colocando questões às quais os estudantes devem responder. As respostas podem inclusivamente ser elemento de avaliação, nem que seja num registo de presença/ausência.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8494234951674585044?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8494234951674585044/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8494234951674585044' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8494234951674585044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8494234951674585044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/10/experincias-pedaggicas-o-frum-de.html' title='Experiências pedagógicas- o fórum de discussão'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4942300213956735579</id><published>2007-09-28T00:29:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-09-28T00:43:07.349Z</updated><title type='text'>Um soco no estômago...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/%7Eclark/DickClarkPicture.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 160px;" src="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/%7Eclark/DickClarkPicture.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;... foi o que senti ao ler este título: "&lt;a href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/education/cogtech/publications/kirschner_Sweller_Clark.pdf"&gt;Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based experiential and inquiry-based teaching&lt;/a&gt;". Desculpe? Ando eu aqui a desunhar-me em experiências pedagógicas de ensino baseado em problemas, a usar o &lt;a href="http://web.educom.pt/moodlept/"&gt;Moodle &lt;/a&gt;porque é baseado numa filosofia construtivista, a qual &lt;a href="http://www.fpce.ul.pt/docentes/index.asp?accao=mostrardocente&amp;id_docente=97&amp;nomecategoria=Professora%20Auxiliar"&gt;Guilhermina Miranda&lt;/a&gt; (que acabo de citar) defende ser um dos passos numa aprendizagem significativa, e afinal nada disto funciona?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ainda não li mais do que o título, mas já espreitei a &lt;a href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/education/cogtech/recent_publications.php"&gt;lista de publicações&lt;/a&gt; do autor, &lt;a href="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/%7Eclark/index.html"&gt;Robert E. Clark&lt;/a&gt;, e descarreguei mais alguns artigos de teor semelhante. Vou ler, seguramente: gosto de desafios!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4942300213956735579?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4942300213956735579/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4942300213956735579' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4942300213956735579'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4942300213956735579'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/09/um-soco-no-estmago.html' title='Um soco no estômago...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4963695888459902090</id><published>2007-09-27T23:33:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-09-28T00:20:42.900Z</updated><title type='text'>As TIC no ensino</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Como tenho algumas responsabilidades no campo da tecnologia aplicada ao ensino, estou tão atento a este assunto quanto possível. Já conhecia a &lt;a href="http://sisifo.fpce.ul.pt/"&gt;revista Sísifo&lt;/a&gt;, mas fiquei contente por me terem &lt;a href="http://conversamos.blogspot.com/2007/09/recursos-on-line-sisifo.html"&gt;chamado a atenção&lt;/a&gt; para o seu último número. Dele repesco algumas notas do excelente artigo de Guilhermina Lobato Miranda, "&lt;a href="http://sisifo.fpce.ul.pt/pdfs/sisifo03PT03.pdf"&gt;Limites e possibilidades das TIC na educação&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"Existem mesmo autores, como Clark (1994), que consideram que os Media Educativos por si só nunca influenciarão o desempenho dos estudantes. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Os efeitos positivos só se verificam quando os professores acreditam e se empenham de “corpo e alma” na sua aprendizagem e domínio&lt;/span&gt; e desenvolvem actividades desafiadoras e criativas, que explorem ao máximo as possibilidades oferecidas pelas tecnologias. E para isto é necessário que os professores as usem com os alunos:&lt;br /&gt;   a) como novos formalismos para tratar e representar a informação;&lt;br /&gt;   b) para apoiar os alunos a construir conhecimento significativo;&lt;br /&gt;   c) para desenvolver projectos, integrando (e não acrescentando) criativamente as novas tecnologias no currículo."&lt;/blockquote&gt;Esta é de facto a minha experiência: colocar professores em frente de computadores, ou generalizar a utilização da Internet, não resulta por si só em melhorias na aprendizagem. Os problemas tão reportados de plágio de textos obtidos na internet ilustram esta observação:  na ausência de contextualização e de interiorização de métodos de trabalho e de princípios de ética, verifica-se a transposição dos velhos hábitos para os novos meios. A aprendizagem, essa, é a mesma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na sequência do seu artigo, a autora lista os elementos necessários para construir um conhecimento significativo, os quais são obviamente independentemente da tecnologia utilizada:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;"(...) os alunos constroem os novos conhecimentos com base nas estruturas e representações já adquiridas sobre os fenómenos em estudo e que devem estar cognitiva e afectivamente envolvidos no processamento da nova informação"&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(...) os novos conhecimentos são adquiridos com base nas aprendizagens realizadas anteriormente"&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(...) os professores devem apoiar os alunos a desenvolver estratégias de aprendizagem de modo a adquirirem hábitos de estudo e de trabalho intelectual, e ainda padrões de correcção do seu próprio trabalho, de modo a progressivamente se irem autonomizando da tutela do professor"&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"(...) o conhecimento, por parte dos alunos, das finalidades ou metas a atingir em cada situação de aprendizagem, facilita o processo de construção de conhecimento, pois imprime-lhe um intencionalidade e direcção"&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"(...) o seu sentido [da aprendizagem] advém do contexto onde foi realizada. São os contextos que facilitam ou, pelo contrário, dificultam a aplicação dos conhecimentos."&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"[A aprendizagem faz-se] em contextos de práticas sociais que implicam a colaboração entre iguais e destes com os adultos que, em princípio, se tornam os tutores que modelam progressivamente determinados conhecimentos e atitudes. A aprendizagem é aqui considerada sobretudo um processo de interacção social que deveria ser promovido pelos&lt;br /&gt;professores."&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;A autora termina o seu artigo numa nota negativa, temendo que a generalização do uso das tecnologias no ensino tenha que esperar pelo impulso das gerações mais novas. O meu pessimismo é de todo outro. A generalização do uso das TIC no ensino vai acontecer com certeza nos próximos anos. Só não acredito que mude substancialmente a percentagem de alunos que têm acesso a um ensino de qualidade e a uma aprendizagem que os enriqueça enquanto pessoas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4963695888459902090?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4963695888459902090/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4963695888459902090' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4963695888459902090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4963695888459902090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/09/as-tic-no-ensino.html' title='As TIC no ensino'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3864680232429281503</id><published>2007-09-02T23:15:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-09-02T23:53:10.345Z</updated><title type='text'>Wikis</title><content type='html'>Uma ferramenta com imenso potencial para trabalhos em grupo são os wiki. Este ano vou experimentar com os meus alunos: eles vão construindo o trabalho online, colaborando mesmo à distância, melhorando aos poucos, com a vantagem de eu e os colegas podermos ver e ir fazendo comentários em tempo real. &lt;br /&gt;Uma possibilidade que cheguei a considerar o ano passado foi a de fazer uma contribuição para a Wikipedia, um pouco na linha do &lt;a href="ftp://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/newsletters/bulletin21.pdf"&gt;sugerido por Viv Rolfe (p. 11)&lt;/a&gt;. Mas fazê-lo directamente não é aconselhável. Um passo intermédio resolveria o problema: um artigo da Wikipedia seria copiado para um wiki, analisado, trabalhado ao longo do semestre, validado de alguma forma (pedido de parecer a um especialista externo?) e depois incorporado de novo na maior enciclopédia online do mundo.&lt;br /&gt;Para ficar a saber em 3 minutos o que é um wiki, veja o &lt;a href="http://www.commoncraft.com/video-wikis-plain-english"&gt;vídeo dos simpáticos da Common Craft&lt;/a&gt;. A seguir, pode começar logo a usar um: é grátis. Eu já usei o &lt;a href="http://www.wetpaint.com/"&gt;Wetpaint&lt;/a&gt;, e recomendo-o, apesar de ter anúncios. Outros sites, como o &lt;a href="http://pbwiki.com/"&gt;PBwiki&lt;/a&gt;, usam o formato de reduzir funcionalidades na versão gratuita: não é tão amigável. Mas não deixem de espreitar os &lt;a href="http://pbwiki.com/edu.pb"&gt;White Papers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3864680232429281503?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3864680232429281503/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3864680232429281503' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3864680232429281503'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3864680232429281503'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/09/wikis.html' title='Wikis'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3283960121267257272</id><published>2007-08-27T12:26:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-08-27T12:46:21.027Z</updated><title type='text'>Talvez sim, talvez não</title><content type='html'>Uma das minhas paragens de férias é a &lt;a href="http://www.municipio-lajes-do-pico.pt/"&gt;Biblioteca Municipal das Lajes do Pico&lt;/a&gt;. A parte dos adultos está fechada para obras, mas os meus miúdos vão regularmente reabastecer-se de Lucky Lukes e Astérixes, para além de outras coisitas com menos bonecos. Um dos últimos foi um livro editado há mais de dez anos: &lt;a href="http://html.editorial-caminho.pt/show_produto__q1obj_--_3D35565__--_3D_area_--_3Dcatalogo__q236__q30__q41__q5.htm"&gt;Barker, Dan, 1995. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Talvez sim, talvez não. Guia para jovens com espírito crítico&lt;/span&gt;. Editorial Caminho, Lisboa.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apesar de dirigido a um público juvenil (corrigo: &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;por ser &lt;/span&gt;dirigido a um público juvenil) é um livro cuja leitura recomendo vivamente a qualquer estudante do ensino superior, e particularmente aos das áreas científicas. Com ilustrações interessantes, um texto simples e bem enquadrado apresenta os princípios essenciais do pensamento científico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transcrevo o essencial:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ciência é a via pela qual aprendemos as coisas que dizem respeito ao mundo. Nem toda a gente pode ser cientista. Mas toda a gente pode utilizar a ciência. Para se ser um bom cientista é necessário seguir-se muito atentamente determinadas regras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;A primeira regra da ciência é: VERIFICAR. Não acredites de imediato naquilo que ouves e lês. Se uma coisa é verdade, terás de ser capaz de o verificar por ti próprio. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Uma outra regra é: TORNAR A FAZER. Se verificares uma coisa uma vez, tens de ser capaz de o fazer de novo. Se não conseguires repetir o teste, então não há maneira de teres a certeza de que essa coisa é verdadeira ou falsa.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Terceira regra: TENTAR PROVAR QUE É ERRADO. Se tentares provar que uma coisa é falsa e não conseguires, então provavelmente ela é verdadeira. Se não conseguires imaginar maneira de provar que uma coisa é falsa, então não haverá maneira de saber se ela é verdadeira. &lt;/i&gt;[O princípio da &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falseabilidade"&gt;falseabilidade&lt;/a&gt;, de &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popper"&gt;Karl Popper&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Outra boa regra é: ESCOLHER O QUE É SIMPLES. Por vezes há mais do que uma maneira de tentar explicar uma coisa. Se uma delas é complicada e a outra simples, normalmente os cientistas optam pela maneira simples. &lt;/i&gt;[A &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navalha_de_Occam"&gt;navalha de Occam&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Uma regra muito importante é: TEM QUE FAZER SENTIDO. Se uma coisa é verdadeira, então não pode dar azo a confusões. Tem que ser lógica.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Uma regra da ciência que nunca se deve violar é: SER HONESTO. Toda a gente se engana, e os bons cientistas admitem logo os seus enganos. Quem não é honesto pode nunca saber onde está a verdade. Não quer saber se uma coisa é falsa. Não está disposto a alterar as suas opiniões.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;i&gt;Os outros podem dizer-te o que tu deves pensar, e deves ouvi-los porque podem ter razão. Mas também podem estar enganados. Tens de decidir, por ti próprio, o que é verdadeiro e o que é falso.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3283960121267257272?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3283960121267257272/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3283960121267257272' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3283960121267257272'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3283960121267257272'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/08/talvez-sim-talvez-no.html' title='Talvez sim, talvez não'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5098801784661057078</id><published>2007-08-07T17:01:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-08-07T17:08:27.065Z</updated><title type='text'>... e mais empregabilidade.</title><content type='html'>Um pequeno registo das observações pertinentes de &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/07893160894029396014"&gt;Alexandre Sousa&lt;/a&gt;, quer no &lt;a href="http://co-labor.blogspot.com/"&gt;Co-labor&lt;/a&gt; (gostei particularmente &lt;a href="http://co-labor.blogspot.com/2007/08/esta-coisa-de-produzir-gente-apta-para.html"&gt;desta entrada&lt;/a&gt;, e da chamada de atenção que fez para o &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMcfrLYDm2U"&gt;video Did you known?&lt;/a&gt;) quer no &lt;a href="http://labinov.blogspot.com/"&gt;Labinov&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5098801784661057078?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5098801784661057078/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5098801784661057078' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5098801784661057078'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5098801784661057078'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/08/e-mais-empregabilidade.html' title='... e mais empregabilidade.'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2492383139818105528</id><published>2007-08-04T11:00:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-08-04T11:56:33.717Z</updated><title type='text'>Empregabilidade</title><content type='html'>Com a sua pertinência habitual, Regina Nabais chama a atenção na sua &lt;a href="http://polike.blogspot.com/2007/08/empregabilidade-raster-graphics-e.html"&gt;entrada de hoje no Polikê?&lt;/a&gt; para a questão das definições de empregabilidade. Pensava eu que sabia o que era a empregabilidade, e afinal há pelo menos 8 (oito!) definições, que &lt;a href="http://sisifo.fpce.ul.pt/?r=9&amp;p=59"&gt;Natália Alves se encarregou de compilar&lt;/a&gt;, ao mesmo tempo que analisa a actual orientação das políticas sociais numa lógica de individualização e responsabilização individual e de tendência crescente para a privatização dos problemas sociais. Fico envergonhado, porque &lt;a href="http://conversamos.blogspot.com/2005/04/divagao-em-torno-das-palavras.html"&gt;já fui muito avisado&lt;/a&gt; da importância de uma percepção clara do significado das palavras que usamos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do texto de Regina Nabais repesco ainda a referência ao &lt;a href="http://wdr.doleta.gov/SCANS/whatwork/whatwork.pdf"&gt;documento da Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) was asked to examine the demands of the workplace and whether today's young people are capable of meeting those demands. Specifically, the Commission was directed to advise the Secretary on the level of skills required to enter employment.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Para além das discussões semânticas, ou das críticas políticas, esta discussão transportou-me logo aos texto de Ivan Ilich sobre a &lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/10701"&gt;relação entre educação e escolaridade&lt;/a&gt;. E fiquei a pensar como conciliar as propostas de Ilich sobre a aprendizagem, que me atraem tanto, com o pragmatismo necessário à navegação no nosso sistema social e político. E a resposta leva-me ao esquizofrenismo tão &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein"&gt;heinleiniano&lt;/a&gt; de manter uma crosta exterior de conformidade a proteger um núcleo de crenças revolucionárias, as quais se manifestam num círculo muito restrito. Perdida a esperança na utopia enquanto re-engenharia social, como nos penitenciamos do nosso egoísmo?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2492383139818105528?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2492383139818105528/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2492383139818105528' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2492383139818105528'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2492383139818105528'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/08/empregabilidade.html' title='Empregabilidade'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1579828385489013253</id><published>2007-07-03T22:43:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-07-03T23:03:04.962Z</updated><title type='text'>A empregabilidade na primeira pessoa</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Olá professor,&lt;br /&gt;Sou um aluno que acabou o primeiro ano do curso de biologia marinha plano antigo e nao sei o que faça em relaçao a bolonha. Sei que o professor deu muitas reunioes em que tentou esplicar o processo de bolonha, suas vantagens e desvantagens. Infelizmente nao pode ir e por isso continuo com duvidas. A minha principal questao é se quando eu a cabar o curso de acordo com bolonha concigo arranjar emprego dentro da area que quero seguir, ou vo ter de fazer um mestrado? E se tiver de tirar mestrado os preços vao ser tao exurbitantes como agora ou vao diminuir? E se não aderir a bolonha quanto tempo tenho para acabar o curso ou seja quanto tempo vai demorar ate este fechar?&lt;br /&gt;Espero antenciosamente pela sua resposta, boa sorte na espediçao&lt;br /&gt;Francisco Pessoa&lt;/span&gt; [nome fictício]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Francisco,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Antes de mais nada, permite-me que te aconselhe a melhorar bastante o teu português. Sobretudo com um apelido desses...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A questão do emprego é muito importante, mas não tem resposta fácil. A nível de toda a Europa &lt;a href="http://www.eua.be/fileadmin/user_upload/files/Publications/Final_Trends_Report__May_10.pdf"&gt;uma das grandes questões&lt;/a&gt; é precisamente a da resposta que vai dar o mercado de trabalho aos novos licenciados. Só podemos esperar para ver. Os professores têm que se preocupar com isso, e esforçar-se para dotar os estudantes com as &lt;a href="http://www.unige.ch/fapse/SSE/teachers/perrenoud/php_main/php_2000/2000_31.html"&gt;competências gerais&lt;/a&gt; que lhes permitirão enquadrar-se no mercado de trabalho. Uma delas é precisamente o domínio da língua, não só a portuguesa mas também &lt;a href="http://ec.europa.eu/education/doc/official/keydoc/actlang/act_lang_en.pdf"&gt;pelo menos uma, idealmente duas&lt;/a&gt;, línguas estrangeiras. Os estudantes têm que fazer a sua parte, também, usando o tempo de estudo para pensar sobre a carreira que gostariam de seguir, procurar estágios em empresas, aprender a fazer currículos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O mestrado é para quem quer seguir uma carreira de investigação. Deves &lt;a href="http://www.bolseiros.org/"&gt;pensar bem se é essa carreira que queres seguir&lt;/a&gt;, e nesse caso vale a pena o investimento. Se te preocupa sobretudo arranjar um emprego após a licenciatura, deves preparar-te e lançar-te nessa busca assim que acabares o curso, ou até mesmo antes. Mais tarde, com um rumo mais definido, poderás voltar à universidade para buscar um curso de pós-graduação numa área que te ajude a progredir em termos profissionais. E nessa altura o montante a pagar já não será visto em termos de extorsão, mas de investimento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Espero ter ajudado. Sempre ao dispôr,&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1579828385489013253?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1579828385489013253/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1579828385489013253' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1579828385489013253'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1579828385489013253'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/07/empregabilidade-na-primeira-pessoa.html' title='A empregabilidade na primeira pessoa'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-9127381802246404825</id><published>2007-06-22T00:10:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-06-22T01:14:43.773Z</updated><title type='text'>Dolorosa obrigação</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RnsYOui7wWI/AAAAAAAABZ0/PRPD76w6kig/s1600-h/rp.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RnsYOui7wWI/AAAAAAAABZ0/PRPD76w6kig/s320/rp.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5078679646082154850" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Deixo aqui a foto do &lt;a href="http://www.ruipedro.net/"&gt;Rui Pedro&lt;/a&gt;, porque há &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/01922747471813537329"&gt;amigos&lt;/a&gt; a quem nada se recusa. E o que me custa colocar aqui esta foto não é o meu desgosto pelas correntes, nem a futilidade do gesto (de que é que adianta?). É o ter que pensar que há gente que faz destas coisas, e assustar-me ao pensar nos meus filhos. Mais fundo: é ter que pensar na maldade, que normalmente não permito que me atormente.&lt;br /&gt;Não sei o que aconteceu ao Rui Pedro. Mas sei de &lt;a href="http://web.amnesty.org/pages/childsoldiers-index-eng"&gt;crianças usadas como soldados&lt;/a&gt;. Com nomes e rostos e &lt;a href="http://www.newint.org/issue337/soldier.htm"&gt;histórias na primeira pessoa&lt;/a&gt;. E sei da pedofilia, claro. E do resto. E até tenho algumas ideias sobre porque é que estas coisas acontecem: manter um sistema límbico vindo do fundo dos tempos, no qual milhões de anos destilaram um egocentrismo atroz, e associá-lo ao cortex cerebral mais desenvolvido que este pobre planeta já viu, gera um leque de potencialidades. Para o muito bom, mas também para o muito mau.&lt;br /&gt;É preocupante, pensar no fino verniz que nos separa da bestialidade mais hedionda. Chama-se cultura, esse verniz, chama-se civilização. E, como se vê, não precisa de muito para estalar.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-9127381802246404825?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/9127381802246404825/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=9127381802246404825' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/9127381802246404825'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/9127381802246404825'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/06/dolorosa-obrigao.html' title='Dolorosa obrigação'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RnsYOui7wWI/AAAAAAAABZ0/PRPD76w6kig/s72-c/rp.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8973923173738975524</id><published>2007-04-27T00:00:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-04-27T00:13:09.603Z</updated><title type='text'>Páuarpointes</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Ao construir uma grelha de avaliação (o que os anglo-saxões chamam &lt;a href="http://www.tcet.unt.edu/START/instruct/general/rubrics.htm"&gt;rubrics&lt;/a&gt;) para as apresentações dos meus estudantes, encontrei &lt;a href="http://people.ucsc.edu/%7Epullum/goldenrules.html"&gt;cinco regras de ouro&lt;/a&gt;, outras &lt;a href="http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/staff/mrchial/InstDevSite/rules.htm"&gt;regras sortidas&lt;/a&gt; (parte de um &lt;a href="http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/staff/mrchial/InstDevSite/index.htm"&gt;sítio MUITO interessante&lt;/a&gt;), e até &lt;a href="http://www.peterursbender.com/spp/"&gt;um livro inteiro&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8973923173738975524?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8973923173738975524/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8973923173738975524' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8973923173738975524'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8973923173738975524'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/04/puarpointes.html' title='Páuarpointes'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7367519004621585845</id><published>2007-01-30T01:19:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-01-30T01:29:25.592-01:00</updated><title type='text'>FLAG</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rb6sZ2pszBI/AAAAAAAABDw/LoebMjqu2wE/s1600-h/flag.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rb6sZ2pszBI/AAAAAAAABDw/LoebMjqu2wE/s400/flag.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5025643794359176210" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flaguide.org/index.php"&gt;Field-tested Learning Assessment Guide &lt;/a&gt;(FLAG): descobri agora, ao procurar relembrar o que era um "&lt;a href="http://www.flaguide.org/cat/minutepapers/minutepapers1.php"&gt;minute paper&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um esforço de inovação, em cima da hora, vale de alguma coisa? Fará mais mal do que bem?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O não ter tempo de fazer tudo o que seria necessário desculpa que não se faça nada?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E preterir a preparação de aulas em função de trabalhos de gestão universitária, compensa?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E as noites sem dormir?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7367519004621585845?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7367519004621585845/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7367519004621585845' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7367519004621585845'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7367519004621585845'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/01/flag.html' title='FLAG'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rb6sZ2pszBI/AAAAAAAABDw/LoebMjqu2wE/s72-c/flag.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-698858409674949490</id><published>2007-01-29T00:47:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-01-29T01:07:45.604-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Aprendizagens significativas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rb1UiGpsy_I/AAAAAAAABDc/sibTiPGPLYo/s1600-h/ideafink.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rb1UiGpsy_I/AAAAAAAABDc/sibTiPGPLYo/s320/ideafink.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5025265704093142002" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segundo &lt;a href="http://www.ou.edu/idp/dfink.htm"&gt;Dee Fink&lt;/a&gt;,  uma boa disciplina é aquela que&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;desafia os estudantes para aprendizagens significativas&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;usa formas activas de aprendizagem&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;tem professores que se preocupam- com o tema, com os alunos, e com o ensino e a aprendizagem&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;tem professores que interagem bem com os estudantes&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;tem um bom sistema de retroacção, avaliação e classificação&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; Antes que perguntem o que Dee Fink pensa que é uma aprendizagem significativa aqui fica: é aquela que mobiliza vários dos tipos de aprendizagem da seguinte taxonomia:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Conhecimento fundamental&lt;/span&gt; (compreender e lembrar informação e ideias)- &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;providencia a compreensão básica necessária para os restantes tipos de aprendizagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Aplicação &lt;/span&gt;(capacidades, pensamento crítico, criativo e prático, gestão de projectos)- &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;permite que os restantes tipos de aprendizagens se tornem úteis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Integração &lt;/span&gt;(ligando ideias, pessoas e campos da vida)- &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;o acto de fazer novas ligações dá aos estudantes um maior poder intelectual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dimensão humana&lt;/span&gt; (aprender acerca de si próprio e dos outros)- &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;informa os estudantes sobre o significado humano do que aprenderam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Caring&lt;/span&gt;" (desenvolver novos sentimentos, interesses e valores)- &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;quando os estudantes se preocupam com uma coisa, têm a energia de que precisam para aprender mais acerca desse assunto e fazê-lo parte das suas vidas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Aprendendo a aprender&lt;/span&gt; (tornar-se um melhor estudante, auto-dirigido)- &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;permite que os estudantes continuem a aprender no futuro, e a fazê-lo mais efectivamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vou este ano procurar estruturar o meu ensino em torno desta taxonomia. Para isso, fica aqui a ligação para o &lt;a href="http://www.ou.edu/pii/index.htm"&gt;Program for Instructional Innovation&lt;/a&gt;, da Univ. Oklahoma, onde Dee Fink e os colegas depositaram material precioso.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-698858409674949490?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/698858409674949490/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=698858409674949490' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/698858409674949490'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/698858409674949490'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/01/aprendizagens-significativas.html' title='Aprendizagens significativas'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/Rb1UiGpsy_I/AAAAAAAABDc/sibTiPGPLYo/s72-c/ideafink.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-1216402323179345467</id><published>2007-01-21T00:30:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-01-21T01:13:36.295-01:00</updated><title type='text'>A incerteza, que bem que sabe escondê-la...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RbLJxuQpM3I/AAAAAAAABDQ/FM9flNTy12Q/s1600-h/JMCSeascenes6large.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RbLJxuQpM3I/AAAAAAAABDQ/FM9flNTy12Q/s320/JMCSeascenes6large.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5022298390540137330" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;Um dos principais problemas do ESQT (ensino-superior-que-temos), com o ênfase em organizar o conhecimento para os alunos e em debitá-lo em pedacinhos prontos a engolir, é a transmissão da ideia de que está tudo sabido, tudo controlado, tudo esclarecido. Sai-se da universidade convencido de que se sabe tudo, e aparentemente prontos para enfrentar o mundo. Por isso o primeiro embate com a realidade pode ser feio, seja em que área for. Na área científica é particularmente grave, porque formámos gerações inteiras de gente que acha que ciência é seguir os protocolos, ou fazer a mesma coisa que os outros fizeram mas noutro sítio, ou usando uma concentração diferente, ou uma máquina diferente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toda a gente assume que os cientistas sabem tudo, que aquilo que um especialista diz é que está correcto. Especialistas são chamados a tribunal, a dar entrevistas, a aconselhar governos. E lá vão eles, cavalgando nas suas certezas. Mas a luz da ciência pode ofuscar-nos, fazendo-nos esquecer o abismo da nossa ignorância.&lt;br /&gt;O importante artigo &lt;a href="http://www.thes.co.uk/current_edition/story.aspx?story_id=2034923"&gt;Three words we should like to hear: 'I don't know'&lt;/a&gt; de Jack Stilgoe, investigador do think-tank &lt;a href="http://www.demos.co.uk/"&gt;Demos&lt;/a&gt;, relembrou-me a necessidade de ter a humildade de Newton:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"I do not know what I may appear to the world; but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me." &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/30297.html"&gt;Fonte&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aumentar a consciência colectiva sobre a nossa ignorância tornaria certamente as pessoas mais cautelosas, facilitaria a aplicação do princípio da precaução, far-nos-ia mais humanos e produziria melhores cientistas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" &gt;Imagem: &lt;a href="http://www.jmcelvany.com/aboutheartist.html"&gt;Jane McElvany Coonce&lt;/a&gt;, "&lt;a href="http://www.jmcelvany.com/seashore6.html"&gt;Boy with the bucket&lt;/a&gt;", pastel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-1216402323179345467?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/1216402323179345467/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=1216402323179345467' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1216402323179345467'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/1216402323179345467'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/01/incerteza-que-bem-que-sabe-escond-la.html' title='A incerteza, que bem que sabe escondê-la...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RbLJxuQpM3I/AAAAAAAABDQ/FM9flNTy12Q/s72-c/JMCSeascenes6large.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-349823250571700549</id><published>2007-01-15T23:34:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-01-15T23:42:10.721-01:00</updated><title type='text'>O que se passa quando aprendemos?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RawdPOQpM2I/AAAAAAAABDE/KfpVVoFjbkw/s1600-h/0309065577.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5020419831974409058" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RawdPOQpM2I/AAAAAAAABDE/KfpVVoFjbkw/s400/0309065577.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Avizinha-se o início do semestre e começam as angústias de materializar toda a pedagogia lida e reflectida.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Já não há tempo para ler tudo (sim, pode ler-se online), mas fica o registo- &lt;a href="http://books.nap.edu/html/howpeople1/"&gt;How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School&lt;/a&gt;, de Bransford &lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;. (1999, National Research Council). E, já agora, &lt;a href="http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072727/html"&gt;Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment&lt;/a&gt;, de Pellegrino &lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;. (2001, Center for Education, National Research Council).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-349823250571700549?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/349823250571700549/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=349823250571700549' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/349823250571700549'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/349823250571700549'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2007/01/o-que-se-passa-quando-aprendemos.html' title='O que se passa quando aprendemos?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RawdPOQpM2I/AAAAAAAABDE/KfpVVoFjbkw/s72-c/0309065577.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7834046633283611815</id><published>2006-12-22T00:10:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2006-12-22T00:56:10.411-01:00</updated><title type='text'>E-learning</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="ftp://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/newsletters/bulletin19.pdf"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5011163858551939474" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RYs6-qRDoZI/AAAAAAAAACY/xtoxV37thNI/s320/bull19.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;O &lt;a href="ftp://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/newsletters/bulletin19.pdf"&gt;Bulletin 19&lt;/a&gt; do &lt;a href="http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/"&gt;Centre for Bioscience&lt;/a&gt; é inteiramente dedicado ao e-learning. Usando a Biologia como base, o conteúdo é interessante para um público mais vasto. No primeiro artigo, por exemplo, apresentam resultados preliminares de um inquérito sobre o uso do e-learning. Destaco que as principais razões invocadas para a adopção da tecnologia são a flexibilidade do acesso aos materiais, a facilidade de modificação e actualização e a possibilidade de controlar o acesso aos conteúdos. As principais barreiras, por outro lado, são a falta de tempo para preparação de conteúdos e/ou para a familiarização com a tecnologia e a falta de incentivos ou de reconhecimento para investir tempo no e-learning.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7834046633283611815?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7834046633283611815/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7834046633283611815' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7834046633283611815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7834046633283611815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/12/e-learning.html' title='E-learning'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XOUHZRxzrCI/RYs6-qRDoZI/AAAAAAAAACY/xtoxV37thNI/s72-c/bull19.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-8906718195819688854</id><published>2006-12-05T15:28:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2007-01-24T01:24:33.753-01:00</updated><title type='text'>9 Principles of Good Practice for Assessing Student Learning</title><content type='html'>&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;   The assessment of student learning begins with educational values&lt;/span&gt;. Assessment is not an end in itself but a vehicle for educational improvement. Its effective practice, then, begins with and enacts a vision of the kinds of learning we most value for students and strive to help them achieve. Educational values should drive not only what we choose to assess but also how we do so. Where questions about educational mission and values are skipped over, assessment threatens to be an exercise in measuring what’s easy, rather than a process of improving what we really care about.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment is most effective when it reflects an understanding of learning as multidimensional, integrated, and revealed in performance over time&lt;/span&gt;. Learning is a complex process. It entails not only what students know but what they can do with what they know; it involves not only knowledge and abilities but values, attitudes, and habits of mind that affect both academic success and performance beyond the classroom. Assessment should reflect these understandings by employing a diverse array of methods, including those that call for actual performance, using them over time so as to reveal change, growth, and increasing degrees of integration. Such an approach aims for a more complete and accurate picture of learning, and therefore firmer bases for improving our students’ educational experience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment works best when the programs it seeks to improve have clear, explicitly stated purposes&lt;/span&gt;. Assessment is a goal-oriented process. It entails comparing educational performance with educational purposes and expectations--these derived from the institution’s mission, from faculty intentions in program and course design, and from knowledge of students’ own goals. Where program purposes lack specificity or agreement, assessment as a process pushes a campus toward clarity about where to aim and what standards to apply; assessment also prompts attention to where and how program goals will be taught and learned. Clear, shared, implementable goals are the cornerstone for assessment that is focused and useful.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment requires attention to outcomes but also and equally to the experiences that lead to those outcomes&lt;/span&gt;. Information about outcomes is of high importance; where students “end up” matters greatly. But to improve outcomes, we need to know about student experience along the way--about the curricula, teaching, and kind of student effort that lead to particular outcomes. Assessment can help us understand which students learn best under what conditions; with such knowledge comes the capacity to improve the whole of their learning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment works best when it is ongoing, not episodic&lt;/span&gt;. Assessment is a process whose power is cumulative. Though isolated, “one-shot” assessment can be better than none, improvement over time is best fostered when assessment entails a linked series of cohorts of students; it may mean collecting the same examples of student performance or using the same instrument semester after semester. The point is to monitor progress toward intended goals in a spirit of continuous improvement. Along the way, the assessment process itself should be evaluated and refined in light of emerging insights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment fosters wider improvement when representatives from across the educational community are involved&lt;/span&gt;. Student learning is a campus-wide responsibility, and assessment is a way of enacting that responsibility. Thus, while assessment efforts may start small, the aim over time is to involve people from across the educational community. Faculty play an especially important role, but assessment’s questions can’t be fully addressed without participation by student-affairs educators, librarians, administrators, and students. Assessment may also involve individuals from beyond the campus (alumni/ae, trustees, employers) whose experience can enrich the sense of appropriate aims and standards for learning. Thus understood, assessment is not a task for small groups of experts but a collaborative activity; its aim is wider, better-informed attention to student learning by all parties with a stake in its improvement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment makes a difference when it begins with issues of use and illuminates questions that people really care about&lt;/span&gt;. Assessment recognizes the value of information in the process of improvement. But to be useful, information must be connected to issues or questions that people really care about. This implies assessment approaches that produce evidence that relevant parties will find credible, suggestive, and applicable to decisions that need to be made. It means thinking in advance about how the information will be used, and by whom. The point of assessment is not to gather data and return “results”; it is a process that starts with the questions of decision-makers, that involves them in the gathering and interpreting of data, and that informs and helps guide continuous improvement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assessment is most likely to lead to improvement when it is part of a larger set of conditions that promote change&lt;/span&gt;. Assessment alone changes little. Its greatest contribution comes on campuses where the quality of teaching and learning is visibly valued and worked at. On such campuses, the push to improve educational performance is a visible and primary goal of leadership; improving the quality of undergraduate education is central to the institution’s planning, budgeting, and personnel decisions. On such campuses, information about learning outcomes is seen as an integral part of decision making, and avidly sought.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;   &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Through assessment, educators meet responsibilities to students and to the public&lt;/span&gt;. There is a compelling public stake in education. As educators, we have a responsibility to the publics that support or depend on us to provide information about the ways in which our students meet goals and expectations. But that respirability goes beyond the reporting of such information; our deeper obligation--to ourselves, our students, and society--is to improve. Those to whom educators are accountable have a corresponding obligation to support such attempts at improvement.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;These principles were developed under the auspices of the AAHE Assessment Forum with support from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education with additional support for publication and dissemination from the Exxon Education Foundation. Copies may be made without restriction. The authors are Alexander W. Astin, Trudy W. Banta, K. Patricia Cross, Elaine El-Khawas, Peter T. Ewell, Pat Hutchings, Theodore J. Marchese, Kay M. McClenney, Marcia Mentkowski, Margaret A. Miller, E. Thomas Moran, and Barbara D. Wright.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copyright © 1991, The American Association for Higher Education and&lt;br /&gt;Copyright © 2005, by Stylus Publishing, LLC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href="http://ultibase.rmit.edu.au/Articles/june97/ameri1.htm"&gt;Ultibase&lt;/a&gt;, por exemplo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-8906718195819688854?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/8906718195819688854/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=8906718195819688854' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8906718195819688854'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/8906718195819688854'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/12/9-principles-of-good-practice-for.html' title='9 Principles of Good Practice for Assessing Student Learning'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-3346694516512200972</id><published>2006-11-22T23:01:00.000-01:00</published><updated>2006-11-22T23:18:58.953-01:00</updated><title type='text'>Avaliação e qualidade</title><content type='html'>Realizou-se hoje a apresentação pública do relatório de avaliação e recomendações da Associação Europeia para a Garantia de Qualidade no Ensino Superior (ENQA). Esta agência fez muitas críticas ao processo de avaliação como tem sido feito até aqui, e deixou uma série de recomendações que têm tanto de óbvio como de necessário. As principais são:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Combine accreditation with academic audit at institutional level (i.e., uma única agência com poderes de acreditação e de avaliação)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Establish one strong independent national agency for quality assurance (com as funções do ponto anterior)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ensure operational independence of a new quality assurance agency through a legal framework&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ensure professionalism and consistency in the work of the quality&lt;br /&gt;assurance agency&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Create a quality assurance system with clear consequences and welldefined procedures for follow-up&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use of international experts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nem de propósito, fui há dias repescar ao baú das minhas pesquisas anteriores a ligação para a &lt;a href="http://www.ncahlc.org/"&gt;Higher Learning Comission&lt;/a&gt;, concretamente para as suas páginas sobre a &lt;a href="http://www.ncacihe.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;id=58&amp;Itemid=85"&gt;avaliação da aprendizagem dos estudantes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Retiro daquilo que leio neste site que os últimos desenvolvimentos na avaliação da qualidade do ensino superior dão sobretudo ênfase às questões da aprendizagem. Boas bibliotecas, excelentes laboratórios, computadores para toda a gente, mesmo bons regulamentos e processos são condições necessárias &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;mas não suficientes&lt;/span&gt; para conferir qualidade a uma instituição.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O essencial é que uma universidade possa responder a questões como "O que é que os estudantes estão a aprender? Que diferença faz esta instituição nas suas vidas?", ou esta pérola: " Como é que a universidade demonstra que o investimento dos estudantes vale a pena?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Central a isto tudo é que a universidade&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;defina a sua missão, e os objectivos de aprendizagem de cada curso e unidade curricular;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;que recolha elementos que lhe permitam avaliar objectivamente se esses objectivos estão a ser cumpridos para, em função disso, fazer os necessários ajustamentos.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;Espero que esta questão esteja também no centro das preocupações da futura agência portuguesa para a qualidade no ensino superior.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-3346694516512200972?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/3346694516512200972/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=3346694516512200972' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3346694516512200972'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/3346694516512200972'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/11/avaliao-e-qualidade.html' title='Avaliação e qualidade'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-5528286147937002920</id><published>2006-10-26T22:12:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-10-26T22:26:24.585Z</updated><title type='text'>Filosofia e matemática</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;"&lt;em&gt;Sans les matémathiques on ne pénètre point au fond de la philosophie. Sans la philosophie on ne pénètre point au fond des matémathiques. Sans les deux on ne pénètre au fond de rien." &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz"&gt;Leibniz&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estas eram, obviamente, as duas áreas principais de interesse de Gottfried Leibniz. Não entendo a primeira frase a não ser como uma exigência de rigor. Mas compreendo as últimas duas, e concordo com elas inteiramente: nenhum problema se resolve, nem o progresso se alcança, sem uma análise lógica e rigorosa de um problema, apoiada numa reflexão profunda e multifacetada. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A matemática e filosofia distinguem-nos dos outros primatas. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-5528286147937002920?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/5528286147937002920/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=5528286147937002920' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5528286147937002920'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/5528286147937002920'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/10/filosofia-e-matemtica.html' title='Filosofia e matemática'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-6288676392786249547</id><published>2006-10-19T00:10:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-10-19T00:21:22.360Z</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='plágio'/><title type='text'>De quem é a culpa?</title><content type='html'>Gostei de ver esta &lt;a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3561-2409036.html"&gt;perspectiva sobre o plágio&lt;/a&gt;. Correndo o risco de ser acusado disso mesmo, mas justificando com base na etérea natureza da informação na internet, aqui fica o naco mais importante:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;PLAGIARISM and cheating by today’s cut-and-paste generation of university students will never be stamped out unless lecturers stop spoon-feeding them a diet of handouts and PowerPoint presentations, a leading academic said yesterday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Baroness Deech, head of the &lt;a href="http://www.oiahe.org.uk/"&gt;students’ complaints watchdog&lt;/a&gt;, said that the way in which education was now “packaged and delivered” just like any other product had dulled students’ sense of inquiry and spirit of adventure. One consequence was that they were more tempted than previous generations to cut and paste work from the internet and pass it off as their own, rather than to explore and find their own answers to questions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;“There is a culture of expectation among today’s students. They just take whatever is put in their hands, be it a handout or a PowerPoint presentation. That way you end up boiling down complex things to three bullet points.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;“Students need to be told that their own thoughts about a subject are very important. They need to be challenged to respond in their own way instead of downloading, cutting and pasting,” she said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;“The weighing up of a range of views, the encouraging of non-conformity, the imbuing of intellectual tradition of inquiry are getting lost. If lecturers can imbue students with the view that they are searching rather than copying, then we might go some way towards tackling plagiarism.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Computer use by students should be curbed to encourage them to seek out learning from a range of sources, she told a conference organised by the plagiarism advisory service JISC (the &lt;a href="http://www.jisc.ac.uk/"&gt;Joint Information Systems Committee&lt;/a&gt;), and &lt;a href="http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/"&gt;Universities UK&lt;/a&gt;, representing vice-chancellors and principals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Lady Deech said that hers was not a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddite"&gt;Luddite&lt;/a&gt; approach, and admitted that she was addicted to her computer. But she said that there came a time when students had to log out so that they could look at and listen to the world around them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Taking down notes in longhand from a book in the library was better than cutting and pasting from the internet, she said, because it required students to “digest” material.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-6288676392786249547?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/6288676392786249547/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=6288676392786249547' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6288676392786249547'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/6288676392786249547'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/10/de-quem-culpa.html' title='De quem é a culpa?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-7047538451885332600</id><published>2006-10-15T17:06:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-10-15T17:34:26.186Z</updated><title type='text'>Doutoramento: para quê?</title><content type='html'>Ainda ontem discutia planos de doutoramento de um ex-aluno meu, e hoje vejo &lt;a href="http://conversamos.blogspot.com/2006/10/construes.html"&gt;este post&lt;/a&gt; de &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/6074887"&gt;LN&lt;/a&gt;, que remete para &lt;a href="http://centria.di.fct.unl.pt/%7Elmp/publications/online-papers/DOUTORADOS_NAS_EMPRESAS.pdf"&gt;este artigo&lt;/a&gt; de &lt;a href="http://centria.di.fct.unl.pt/%7Elmp/"&gt;LMP&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Repesco duas linhas, que coincidem com preocupações que tenho.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A primeira é a do tipo de formação que estamos a conferir aos doutorados. Um ênfase (que temo geral) numa abordagem reducionista leva à formação de ignorantes especializados; pessoas que, como dizia um primo meu, sabem quase tudo acerca de quase nada e quase nada acerca do resto. Também no doutoramento se deveriam colocar preocupações de transferibilidade de competências, começando desde logo pelas que LN enuncia: "respeito pela ética, responsabilidade científica e uma perspectiva de intervenção estratégica".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A segunda liga com esta: o que fazer no pós-doutoramento? Chegámos a um ponto em que o próprio pós-doutoramento foi institucionalizado: existem doutores que braqueiam de pós-doc em pós-doc, sem perspectivas de pisar terra firme. Deviam as empresas contratar doutorados? Concerteza. Mas todos os intervenientes no processo (estudantes, orientadores, universidades) deviam pensar nisso antes de submeter o plano de doutoramento a conselho científico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O aconselhamento de carreira é cada vez mais importante, dada a passividade com que se aceita que os "empregos" foram substituídos pelas "carreiras".&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-7047538451885332600?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/7047538451885332600/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=7047538451885332600' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7047538451885332600'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/7047538451885332600'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/10/doutoramento-para-qu.html' title='Doutoramento: para quê?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-2612704017813898209</id><published>2006-10-12T22:32:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-10-12T23:08:13.684Z</updated><title type='text'>Bons ventos</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/867/2537/1600/propuestas.0.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/867/2537/200/propuestas.png" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sem mais comentários, enviaram-me um  URL:  http://www.mec.es/educa/ccuniv/html/&lt;br /&gt;metodologia/docu/&lt;br /&gt;PROPUESTA_RENOVACION.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fui ver e o título saltou da página: &lt;a href="http://www.mec.es/educa/jsp/plantilla.jsp?area=ccuniv&amp;id=910"&gt;PROPUESTAS PARA LA RENOVACIÓN DE LAS METODOLOGÍAS EDUCATIVAS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fiquei a saber que o Ministério da Educação e Ciência espanhol tem desde 2001 um &lt;a href="http://www.mec.es/educa/ccuniv/index.html"&gt;Consejo de Coordinación Universitaria&lt;/a&gt; que "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;es el máximo órgano consultivo y de coordinación del sistema universitario. Le corresponden las funciones de consulta sobre política universitaria, y las de coordinación, programación, informe, asesoramiento y propuesta en las materias relativas al sistema universitario, así como las que determinen la Ley y sus disposiciones de desarrollo&lt;/span&gt;" E que existe uma Comisión para la Renovación de las Metodologías Educativas en la Universidad. Tem imensa lógica, não tem?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daqui saltei para a &lt;a href="http://www.gampi.upm.es/"&gt;Cátedra UNESCO de Gestión y Política Universitaria&lt;/a&gt;, "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;un espacio interdisciplinario, crítico, reflexivo, abierto y riguroso para el estudio, la investigación y el debate sobre las principales cuestiones y problemas de la gestión y de la política universitaria&lt;/span&gt;" e que publica títulos como "&lt;a href="http://www.gampi.upm.es/libro%20ppuni.htm"&gt;La profesión de profesor de universidad&lt;/a&gt;" ou "&lt;a href="http://www.gampi.upm.es/libro%20tutoria.htm"&gt;La tutoría y los nuevos modos de aprendizaje en la Universidad&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E tudo isto antes sequer de ler as PROPUESTAS. Vai ser um fim de semana longo...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fica um extrato do Resúmen Ejecutivo, onde tomei a liberdade de realçar o que é óbvio, mas que tarda:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Ya en el terreno de las medidas concretas, las consideradas como más necesarias de&lt;br /&gt;implantar son:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Establecer un &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;plan estratégico&lt;/span&gt; con propuestas de innovación metodológica dirigido a la consecución de ciertas metas en plazos fijados de antemano.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Identificar, hacer “visibles” y diseminar buenas prácticas docentes.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Consolidar programas estables de &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;formación del profesorado&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Definir, planificar y dinamizar un &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;modelo educativo propio&lt;/span&gt;, con mención expresa a las metodologías.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-2612704017813898209?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/2612704017813898209/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=2612704017813898209' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2612704017813898209'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/2612704017813898209'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/10/bons-ventos.html' title='Bons ventos'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-4168214791475178356</id><published>2006-10-10T00:55:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-10-10T01:03:41.042Z</updated><title type='text'>Ao que isto pode chegar...</title><content type='html'>Primeiro tínhamos o respeito pelo Sr. P'ssôr, em que só o professor batia, e só nos alunos, e só na escola primária.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depois a massificação do ensino e a banalização da figura do docente. Passou a ser mal visto bater nos alunos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depois a violência nas escolas, com professores a bater em alunos, alunos a bater noutros, pais de alunos a bater noutros alunos e nos professores, em todo o secundário. Cria-se uma linha psicológica de apoio aos professores vítimas de violência.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depois os pais a virem às universidades com os filhos pela mão, para os matricular e instalar nos quartos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O passo seguinte é alargar a pancadaria às universidades. Já começou na Escócia...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-style: italic;"&gt;University and college staff in Edinburgh are facing growing levels of violence and abuse from students, lecturers' union leaders warned yesterday. One staff member has been sent a death threat by e-mail while others have found abusive messages landing in their inboxes. Others have reported being pushed or facing aggression from students, sometimes over relatively trivial matters. One has told how a student became aggressive after being told they would be deducted marks for handing in an assignment late. The 30 serious incidents reported to universities and colleges across the city over the last three years do not represent the true scale of the problem, according to union leaders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://news.scotsman.com/education.cfm?id=1396532006"&gt;The Scotsman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;a href="http://news.scotsman.com/education.cfm?id=1396532006"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-4168214791475178356?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/4168214791475178356/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=4168214791475178356' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4168214791475178356'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/4168214791475178356'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/10/ao-que-isto-pode-chegar.html' title='Ao que isto pode chegar...'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-116005176046859100</id><published>2006-10-05T12:24:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-10-05T12:36:00.486Z</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cartoon'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='política'/><title type='text'>Não tem nada a ver... ou terá?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.newint.org/columns/bbw/2006/05/01/bbw-389-big.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/400/bbw-389-big.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" &gt;Retirado &lt;a href="http://www.newint.org/columns/bbw/2006/05/01/bbw389/"&gt;daqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conheço os &lt;a href="http://www.newint.org/columns/bbw/"&gt;trabalhos do Polyp&lt;/a&gt; através da minha assinatura do &lt;a href="http://www.newint.org/issues/current/"&gt;New Internationalist&lt;/a&gt;, e por isso tinha de &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Big-Bad-World-Polyp/dp/0954049934"&gt;comprar o livro dele&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decidi trazer este cartoon para aqui pela relevância que ele me parece ter para as questões da educação. É que não aprendemos só na escola. Aliás, o que aprendemos na escola reflecte e é condicionado pelo que trazemos para ela. E a escola falha no seu papel se não reflectir sobre isto, e não fizer os estudantes reflectirem também.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-116005176046859100?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/116005176046859100/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=116005176046859100' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/116005176046859100'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/116005176046859100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/10/no-tem-nada-ver-ou-ter.html' title='Não tem nada a ver... ou terá?'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20783971.post-115901662819009581</id><published>2006-09-23T12:46:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-09-23T13:09:39.246Z</updated><title type='text'>Duas notas (que acabaram por ser muitas mais...)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/1600/monkey.0.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/200/monkey.0.png" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;No decurso de uma acção de formação sobre as potencialidades do &lt;a href="http://web.educom.pt/moodlept/"&gt;Moodle&lt;/a&gt;, tomei conhecimento de uma ferramenta muito interessante para efectuar todo o tipo de questionários online: o &lt;a href="http://surveymonkey.com/"&gt;Survey Monkey&lt;/a&gt;. Este site é muito poderoso no tipo de questionários que permite fazer, sendo muito interessante a sua inclusão em plataformas de e-learning. A versão gratuita faz uma análise preliminar dos dados; para os obter em forma bruta, é preciso pagar 20 USD por mês.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/1600/moodle.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/200/moodle.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Apesar do Moodle ser de utilização gratuita, existem firmas que dão apoio às instituições na sua implementação. Uma delas, a &lt;a href="http://www.ed-rom.com/?id=home"&gt;ed-rom&lt;/a&gt;, é &lt;a href="http://www.ed-rom.com/?id=servicos/plataforma_elearning/moodle_partner"&gt;Moodle Partner&lt;/a&gt; e portuguesa, embora eu não ficasse tranquilo se tivesse um endereço &lt;a href="http://www.ed-rom.com/?id=contactos/main"&gt;destes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/1600/webct.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6371/750/200/webct.gif" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na &lt;a href="http://www.uac.pt"&gt;UAç&lt;/a&gt; utilizamos o &lt;a href="http://www.webct.com/"&gt;WebCT&lt;/a&gt;, e um dos problemas é o apoio aos docentes que o querem utilizar. Fica aqui um link que pode ajudar: em &lt;a href="http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/teaching/resources/RATL.htm"&gt;Resources for Administration of Teaching and Learning&lt;/a&gt;, na &lt;a href="http://www.usyd.edu.au/"&gt;universidade de Sidney&lt;/a&gt;, existe o &lt;a href="http://www.usyd.edu.au/webct/staff/index.shtml"&gt;Staff Express&lt;/a&gt;, dedicado a ajudar os docentes na utilização do WebCT.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20783971-115901662819009581?l=aprendereensinar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/feeds/115901662819009581/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20783971&amp;postID=115901662819009581' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/115901662819009581'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20783971/posts/default/115901662819009581'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aprendereensinar.blogspot.com/2006/09/duas-notas-que-acabaram-por-ser-muitas.html' title='Duas notas (que acabaram por ser muitas mais...)'/><author><name>José Manuel N. Azevedo</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/114668556278013835716</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-O-Xlxfo5Ax0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/6c1HA0HJhh4/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry></feed>
